Problems Of The Aging Health And Social Care Essay

Problems Of The Aging wellness And Social C atomic number 18 Essayfor death from malignant neoplastic complaint, Man eonment of the immemorial screwingcer forbearing becomes complex because other inveterate conditions, such(prenominal) as osteoarthritis, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and heart disease, moldiness alike be considered in their get by. The attitude of wellness c be providers towards sure-enough(a) bighearteds affect their wellness oversee. Unfortunately, research indicates that health dole out passe-partouts are signifi behindtly more than disconfirming in their attitudes towards older perseverings than younger ones. This attitude must transform if the health care provider is to defy a plus interaction with the elderly unhurried. These attitude appear to be related to the pervasive stereotyping of the elderly, which serves to justify avoiding care and contact with them, as well as being reminders of our own mortality. agei sm is a term used to describe the stereotyping of and discrimination against elderly persons and is considered to be similar to that of the racism and sexism. It emphasized that frequently the elderly are sensed to be repulsive and that a distaste for the maturement work out itself exists. ageism suggests that he majority of elderly are senile, miserable close of the time, and parasitical rather than independent individuals.The media have overly influenced on going sterile nonions ab proscribed the elderly. Health care providers must look on to appreciate the overconfident aspects of develop so that they posterior assists the elderly in having a compulsive experience with their im develop procedure.PHYSICAL, COGNITIVE, AND PSYCHOSOCIAL EFFECTS OF agednessThe humane body undergoes a multiplicity of physiologic tilt second by second. Little considerations is apt(p) regarding these changes unless they are brought on by sudden physical, psychological, or cognitive even ts. Radiographers must remember that each elderly person they encounter is a droll individual with distinct characteristics. These individual have experience a tone filled with memories and accomplishment.Young or old, the definition of quality of life is an individual and personal one. Research has shown that health status is an excellent predictor of happiness. capacious social contact, health satisfaction, low vulnerable personality traits, fewer stressful life events have been linked to successful aging. Self-efficacy drop be defined as the level of control one has over ones future. M whatever elderly throng feel they have no control over medical examination mental testing emergencies and fixed incomes. Many have fewer choices about their personal fight arrangements. These environ cordial factors can lead to depression and reductiond self-efficacy. An affix in illness will usu every last(predicate)y par aloneel a decrease in self-efficacy.The elderly whitethorn e xperience changing roles from life of independence. The family role of an adult caring for children and grandchildren may evolved into the children caring for their caring aging parents. It is also a time of solelyton. Losses may include the death of a better half and friends, as well as loss of income due to retirement. The loss of health may be the reason for the health care visit. The over completely loss control may lead to isolation and depression in the elderly. last and dying is also an imminent fact of life.The aging mould solely does not alike(p)ly alter the essential core of human being. corporal illness is not aging, and age-related changes in the body are often balmy in magnitude. As one ages, the tendencies to prefer slower-paced activities, take longer to learn new tasks, become more forgetful, and lose portions of sensory processing skills increase slowly but perceptibly. Health care professionals perk up to be reminded that aging and disease are not synon ymous. The more closely a plump is tied to physical capabilities, the more belike it is to descend with age, whereas the closer a function depends on experience, the more likely it will increase with age. pronounce stiffness, weight gain, fatigue and loss of bone mass can be slowed through proper nutritional interventions and low-impact exercise. The importance of exercise cannot be magnify . Exercise has been shown increase aerobic capacity and psychic speed. Exercise programs knowing for the elderly should emphasized increased strength, flexibility, and endurance. One of the best predictors of good health in later years is the number and extent of healthy lifestyles that were conventional in earlier life.The elderly person may shown decreases in trouble skills during complex tasks. Balance , coordination, strength and reaction time all decrease with age. Falls associated with balance problems are common in the elderly population, resulting in a need to concentrate on walkin g. Not overwhelming them with operating instructions is upholdful. Their hesitation to follow instructions may be fear instilled from a previous fall. Sight, hearing, taste and smell are all sensory modalities that decline with age. Older people have more difficulty with bright lights and tune up out background noise. Many elderly people become clever at lip reading to compensate for loss of hearing. For radiographers to assume that all elderly enduring ofs are hard of hearing is not usual they are not talking in a normal tone, while qualification volume arrangements only if necessary, is a good rule of thumb. Speaking slowly, directly, and intelligibly when giving instructions allows older adults an opportunity to sort through directions and improves their exponent to follow them with better accuracy.Cognitive impairment in the elderly can be caused by disease, aging, and disuse. Dementia is defined as progressive cognitive impairment that eventually interferes with daily functioning. It includes cognitive, psychologic, and functional deficits including memory impairment. With normal aging comes a slowing down and a gradual wearing out of bodily systems bit it does not include dementia . Yet the preponderance of dementia increases with age. Persistent disturbances in cognitive functioning, including memory and intellectual ability, trace dementia. Fears of cognitive loss, oddly Alzheimers disease, are widespread among older people. Alzheimers disease is the most common form of dementia. Therefore health care professionals are more likely to encounter people with this type. The majority of elderly people prevail at maintaining and keeping their mental functions by staying active through mental games and exercises and keeping engaged in regular conversation. When caring for uncomplainings with any horizontal surface of dementia, verbal conversation should be inclusive and respectful. One should never prove the patients as through they are not in the room or are not active participants in the procedure.One of the first questions asked of any patient entering a health care facilities for emergency benefit Do you know where you are and what day it is? The health care providers need to know just how alert the patient is. Although memory does decline with age, this is experienced mostly with short-term memory tasks. Long-term memory or subconscious mind memory tasks show little change over time and with change magnitude age. There can be a variety of reasons for confusion or disorientation. Medication, psychiatric disturbance, or retirement can confuse the patient. For some older people, retirement means creating a new set routines and adjusting to them. The majority of elders like structure in their lives and have familiar routines for approaching each day.PHYSIOLOGY OF AGINGHealth and well- being depend badly on the degree to which pipe organ systems can successfully work together to maintain internal stability, With age, at that place is apparently a gradual impairment of these homeostatic mechanisms. Elderly people experience nonuniform, gradual, ongoing organ function failure in all systems. Many of the body organs gradually lose strength with progress age. These changes place the elderly at risk for disease or dysfunction, especially in the presence of stress. At some point the likelihood of illness, disease and death increases. Various physical diseases and illness affect both mental and physical health of people of all ages. They are more legal among elderly people because diseases and disorders among older people are more likely to be chronic in nature. Although aging is inevi put off, the aging experience is super individual and is touched by heredity, lifestyle choices physical health, and attitude. A great portion of usual aging risks can be modified with positive tacks in life style. In elderly, the aging of the organs systems is one of the process where they need to understands and there are as list below integumentary systems disordersNervous systems disordersSensory systems disordersMusculoskeletal systems disordersCardiovascular systems disordersGastrointestinal system disorderImmune system declineRespiratory system disorderhematologic system disordersGenitourinary systems disordersEndocrine systems disorders.THE RADIOGRAPHERS ROLEThe role of the radiographer is no several(predicate) than that of all other health professionals. The whole person must be treated, not just the manifested symptoms of an illness or injury. Medical imaging and healthful procedures reflect the impact of ongoing systemic aging in documentable and opthalmic forms. Adapting procedures to accommodate disabilities and disease of geriatric patients is a critical responsibility and a challenge based almost exclusively on the radiographers knowledge, abilities, and skill. An understanding of the physiology and pathology of aging, in addition to an awareness of the scotch the social, p sychologic, cognitive, and economic aspects of aging, are needd to fall in the needs of the elderly population. Conditions typically associated with elderly patient invariably require alterations or modifications of routine imaging procedures. The radiographer must be able to state amid age related changes and disease processes. Production of diagnostic enters requiring professional decision qualification to compensate for physiologic changes, while maintaining the compliance, safety, and comfort of the patient, is root of the contract between the elderly patient and the radiographer.RADIOGRAPHIC POSITIONING FOR gerontological PATIENTSThe preceding discussions and understanding of the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial effects of aging can help radiographers adapt to the spatial relation challenges of the geriatric patient. In come cases routine examinations need to be modified to accommodate the limitation, safety, and comfort of the patient. Communicating clear instruc tions with the patient is important. The following discussion addresses attitude suggestion for various structures. The common radiography examinations for geriatrics are tittydorsumPelvis/articulatio coxae upper extremityLower extremityCHESTThe position of choice for the tit radiograph is the upright position however, the elderly patient may not be able to stand without assistance for this examination. The traditional posteroanterior (PA) position is to have the backs of hands on hips. This may be difficult for someone with stricken balance and flexibility. The radiographer can allow the patient to warp his or her fortify around the chest stands as a means of support and security measures. The patient may not be able to maintain his or her munition over the detail for sidelong pass riddance of the chest. Provide extra security and stability while moving the arms up and forwards.When the patient cannot stands, The examination may be done seated in a wheelchair, but some iss ues will affected the radiographic quality. First, the radiologist need to be aware that the radiograph is an anteroposterior (AP) instead of a PA task, which may make comparison difficult. Hyperkyphosis can result in the lung apices being obscured, and the abdomen may obscure the lung bases. In sitting position, respiration may be compromised, and the patient should be instructed on the importance of a deep inspiration.Positioning of the image receptor for kyphotic patient should be higher than normal because the shoulder joint and apices are in a higher position. Radiographic landmarks may change with age, and the centering may need to be lower, if the patient is extremely kyphotic. When positioning the patient for the sitting lateral chest projection, the radiographer should place a large sponge behind the patient to lean him or her forward.Sitting Chest PA Chest StandingSPINERadiographic spine examinations may be painful for the patient suffering from osteoporosis who is lying on the roentgenogram table. Positioning aids such as radiolucent sponge, sandbags, and a mattress may be used as long as the quality, of the image is not compromised. Performing upright radiographic examination may be also appropriate if a patient can safely tolerate this position. The combining of cervical lordosis and thoracic kyphosis can make positioning and visualization of the cervical and thoracic spine difficult. Lateral cervical projections can be done with the patient standings, sitting, or lying supine. The AP projection in the sitting position may not visualized the upper cervical vertebrae because the chin may obscure this anatomy. In the supine position the head may not reach the table and result in magnification. The AP and open-mouth projection are difficult to do in wheelchair.The thoracic and lumbar spines are rates for compression fractures. The use of positioning blocks may be necessary to help the patient remain in position. For the lateral projection, a lead blocking agent or shield behind the spine should be used to kotow as much scatter radiation as possible.Lateral SpinePELVIS/HIPOsteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and injuries as the result of falls contribute to hip pathologies. A common fracture in the elderly is the femoral neck. An AP projection of the pelvis should be done to examine the hip. If indication is trauma, the radiographer should not essay to rotate the limbs. The second view taken should be a cross-table lateral of the affected hip. If hip pain is the indication, assist the patient to internal rotation of the legs with the use of sandbags if necessary.Immobilization device are place to the patient foot. speeding goalPositioning the geriatric patient for projections of the upper extremities can save its own challenges. Often the upper extremities have limited flexibility and mobility. A cerebrovascular accident or stroke may cause contractures of the affected limb. Contracted limbs cannot be forced into position, and cross-table views may need to be done. The inability of the patient to move his or her limb should not be taken as a lack of cooperation. Supination is often a problem in patients with contractures, fractures, and paralysis. The routine AP and lateral projections can be supported with the use of sponges, sandbags, and blocks to attire and support the extremity being imaged. The shoulder is also a site decreased mobility, dislocation, and fractures. The therapist should assess how much movement the patient can do forrader attempting to move the arm. The use of finger sponges may also help with the contractures of the fingers.Hand extrusion Lateral WristLOWER EXTREMITYThe lower extremities may have limited flexibility and mobility. The ability to dorsiflex the mortise-and-tenon joint may be reduced as a result of neurologic disorders. Imaging on the x-ray table may need to be modified when a patient cannot turn on his or her side. fold of the knee may be impaired and required a cross-table lateral projection. If tangential projection of the patella, such as the Settegast method, is necessary and the patient can turn on his or her side, place the image receptor high-performance to the knee and direct to central ray perpendicular through the patellofemoral joint. Projections of the feet and ankles may be obtained with the patient sitting in the wheelchair. The use of positioning sponges and sandbags support and maintain the position of the body part being imaged.AP Ankle Projection Lateral Ankle ProjectionPATIENT CAREPatient care must be apply to geriatric patient because they all are all fragile where their bone can easily broke or they can be easily fainted during the examination. For communications, take time to educate the patient and his or her family, speak lower and closer, and treat the patient with dignity and respect. carry-over and lifting patient are also be need because geriatrics patient is not stronger than normal person. If possible, give the patient time to rest between projection and procedures. Avoid adhesive tape because elderly skin is thin and fragile. Provide warm blankets in cold examination rooms, use table pads and hands rails and always access the patients medical history before contrast media is administered.Take time with the patient Immobilization Device endingThe imaging professional will continue to see a change in health care delivery system with the dramatic shift in the population of persons older than age 65. This shift in the popular population is resulting in an ongoing increase in the number of medical imaging procedures preformed on elderly patients. Demographic and social effects aging determine the way in which the elderly adapt to and view the process of aging. An individuals family size and perceptions of aging, economic resources, gender , race, ethnicity, social class, and the availability and delivery of health care will affect the quality of the aging experience. Biologic age will b e much more critical than chronologic aging when determine the health status of the elderly. Healthier lifestyles and advancement in medical intervention will create a generation of successfully aging adults, which in turn should decrease the negative stereotyping of the elderly person. Attitudes of all health care professionals, whether positive or negative, will affect the care provided to be emergence elderly population. Education about the mental and physiologic alterations associated with aging, along with the cultural, economic and social influences accompanying aging, enables the radiographer to adapt imaging and therapeutic procedures to the elderly patients disabilities resulting from age-related changes.The human body undergoes a multiplicity of physiologic changes and failure in all systems. The aging experience is affected by heredity, lifestyle choices, physical health, and attitude, making it highly individualized. No individuals aging process is predictable and is n ever hardly the same as that of any other individual. Radiologic technologists must use their knowledge, abilities, and skills to adjust imaging procedures to accommodate for disabilities and disease encountered with geriatric patients. Safety and comfort of the patient is essential in maintaining compliance throughout imaging procedures. Implementation of skills such as good communication, listening, sensitivity, and empathy, all lead to patient compliance. Knowledge of age-related changes and disease process will enhance the radiographers ability to provide diagnostic reading and treatment when providing care that meets the needs of the increasing elderly patient population.