Bio 30 4th Exam Reviewer

BIO 30 4TH EXAM REVIEWER Merlyn S. Mendioro Delayed and Extra-chromosomal hereditary pattern 1. ) elementtic factors that be located outside the chromosome plasmagenes, plasmons, cytogens, plasmids. 2. ) Plasmid heritage implies continuation through desoxyribonucleic acid Replication. 3. ) Killer gene particulate material in Paramecium aurelia kappa 4. ) Mirabilis jalapa shows extrachromosomal inheritance in the ___________. When a pale manly p atomic number 18nt is get throughed with a green female the result normally is __________. chloroplast, green 5. Hereditary mitochondrial distempers argon transmitted only through the ____________ bend since ______________ plenty hardly contain mitochondria. maternal, spermatozoa 6. ) Gradual loss of the ability to come across eye movement Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia 7. ) Occurs during childhood characterized by a combination of anemia, reduction of all blood cells, dysfunction of the pancreas, liver and kidneys Pearson Sy ndrome 8. ) cytoplasmatic nuclear male sterility 9. ) Mothers transmit virus-like particles called sigma. What is this? Infective Heredity 10. Extrachromosomal particles/plasmids free of the host organism or integral of the organism chromosome that are infective. For exemplification E. Colis profusion trait. Episomes 11. ) What are the different criteria for extrachromosomal inheritance? inconsistency in reciprocal cross results, Maternal Inheritance, Non-mappability, Non-segregation, Non-Mendelian Segregation, In contrariety to nuclear substitution, Infection-like transmission 11a. ) Difference in reciprocal crosses if the normal cross is equal to the reciprocal cross Maternal inheritance if the traits are mainly from the mothers because of the cytoplasm contributed.Non-mappability the extra-chromosomal gene cannot be mapped. Non-segregation peter outure to show segregation merits extrachromosomal heredity Non-Mendelian Segregation does not bring home the bacon Mendelia n proportions. Indifference to nuclear substitution when characteristic persists in strawman of nuclear transmission. Extrachromosomal inheritance comes into play. Infection-like transmission transmitted without nuclear transmission, IT IS Extrachromosomal. Quantitative ancestrals 1. ) A quantitative trait is _________.Quantitative stamps are __________ if they can be added to give phenotypes, the sum total of the negative and positive cause of individualist ____________ polygenic, additive, polygenes 2. ) The several basic assumptions for polygene hypothesis constituent determining quantitative traits = Gene determining qualitative traits only that the former has NO INDIVIDUALLY ac realizeledge PHENOTYPIC EFFECT Series of genes independent of one(a) another governs a quantitative trait Genes progress to cumulative effect Dominance is ordinarily absent The F1 appears intermediate of the parentsThere is an appreciable influence of the environment on the formulation of t he trait The only adequate system of classification is through measure of the trait 3. ) Contributory effect per allele = large phenotype- weensyest phenotype2n 4. ) Finding the frequence of each combination Use binomial distribution or protoactinium Triangle 5. ) (a+b)2n , where n is the number of gene pairs, 2n is the number of alleles. 6. ) Problem resolution I The gene AA controls for the phenotype of distance of lemon yellow. Three genes are responsible for the length of corn.The longest measurement of corn in a sample of meter is 130cm while the shortest is 24 cm. Find all the possible progenies of the parent corn and their respective measurements. Include their frequencies. 130 cm 24 cm = 106 cm 106cm / 6 alleles = 17. 67 cm per allele Gene aaaaaa Aaaaaa AAaaaa AAAaaa AAAAaa AAAAAa AAAAAA Length 24cm 41. 67cm 59. 34cm 77. 01cm 94. 68cm 112. 35cm 130. 02cm oftentimesness 1/64 6/64 15/64 20/64 15/64 6/64 1/64 7. ) Finding the gene pairs 8. ) The tendency of the offspri ng of extreme parents to deviate from the call up by a lesser amount than their parents.Regression 9. ) There will be no regression if there is no dominance, no epistasis, and no environmental effects. true(p) 10. ) Number of facets in Bar-eyed Drosophila is a gene effect specifically? Multiplying effects 11. ) The measure of resemblance amongst relatives is called? Heritability 12. ) wherefore is heritability in the narrow sense important to plant breeders? Because it indicates that the selection of parents bearing particular measurements that are favorable will produce offspring of similar phenotype. They extremity favorable traits to be passed on to the next coevals as intact. 3. ) Why is heritability in the broad sense important to human geneticists? Because they want to know how much an individuals phenotype is bear on by his genotype. They want to judge the relative influence of the genotype and environmental factors. world genetic science 1. ) It studies the genetic constitution of worlds and how this genetic constitution changes from generation to generation. Population Genetics 2. ) A community of sexually interbreeding or potentially interbreeding individuals overlap a common gene pool. Population 3. Refer to the proportions of the different alleles of a gene in a population. Gene frequencies. 4. ) The sum total of genes in the reproductive gametes of all the individuals in a population. Gene Pool 5. ) The formulators of the daring Weinberg are Godfrey Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg 6. ) stir the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium The frequency of the dominant and recessive allele alleles remained constant at whatever value applied to the previous generation. 7. ) State the factors that disrupt the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Mutation, Selection, Migration, Genetic Drift 8. Mutation occurs only in one direction, False 9. ) What are the three basic kinds of selective effects? Stabilizing Selection tends to eliminate the phenotypic extremes Direction al Selection one of the extremes in the phenotypic range becomes most fit and thus it is preserved. degraded Selection Both extremes of the phenotypic range are selected for. 10. ) Selection is some(prenominal) a long term and a short term process. authorized 11. ) The reproductive success of one phenotype as opposed to alternative phenotypes. seaworthiness 12. ) The force acting upon a phenotype to reduce its fitness or adaptative value.Selection Pressure. 13. ) Selection against a genotype may occur either in gametes or in zygotes. True 14. ) In this selection, there is no difference between the dominant and the recessive alleles since both genotypes are phenotypically expressed. Gametic Selection 15. ) In this selection, three possible genotypes for a single gene difference are observed. Zygotic Selection. 16. ) A situation where two or more forms of a population coexist in the similar habitat in such(prenominal) a proportion that even the least frequent form could not st udy been due(p) to mutation.Balanced Polymorphism 17. ) A type of assortative (non-random) join where catch are more closely related to each other. Inbreeding 18. ) This is where inbreeding brings out unhealthful recessive genes that were previously concealed by their dominant alleles. Inbreeding Depression 18a. ) consume Question Why is human mating in relatives forbidden by law? Because of deleterious recessive infirmities. There is a large hazard for a concealed gene say lethal gene to be expressed when you breed with a relative rather than random mating individuals. 19. The effects of inbreeding depression can be reversed by? crosswalk 20. ) Hybrids show marked increase in fitness increased size, fertility etc. This is called as? Hybrid Vigor/Heterosis. 21. ) When there is migration, two factors are important to the recipient population. What are they? The difference in gene frequencies between two populations and the proportion of migrant genes that are incorporated each generation are the two factors. 22. ) A non-directional force that changes gene frequency in an unpredictable rate from generation to generation. Genetic Drift 23. The number of parents in the population which is important in determining genetic drift. Effective Population Size 24. ) Severe reduction in population size due to a deleterious, external event. Bottleneck 25. ) A small part of the population moves to an uninhabited area. Founders Effect. 26. ) Defined as populations of organisms that differ in the relative frequency of some genes or genetically distinct populations of the same species. Races 27. ) Defined as a group of interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups. Species 28. In separate groups (Allopatric) or within an area of overlap (Sympatric), speciation can take place by chance. 29. ) go along the formation of hybrid zygotes. These include ecological, temporal, behavioral, mechanical and gametic isolation. Prezygotic barriers. 30. ) Consequences of genetic incompatibilities or nuclear-cytoplasmic irregularities. Postzygotic Barriers. 31. ) 5 references of closing off (Pre-Zygotic Barrier) Habitat closing off, Temporal Isolation, Behavioral Isolation, windup(prenominal) Isolation, Gametic Isolation. Habitat Isolation organism, isolated from others by habitat.Temporal Isolation organism, is not in right measure for reproduction. The mates are only reproducing in other timeframes. Behavioral Isolation Sexual attraction is weak or absent between sexes. Mechanical Isolation Pollen, gametic transfer is rendered physically impossible because of differences in size or structure of the reproductive organs. Gametic Isolation The male and female gametes fail to unify or the spermatozoa or pollen are inviable. 32. ) 3 Kinds of Post-Zygotic Barriers. Hybrid Inviability hybrid zygotes fail to develop, or fail to reach sexual maturity.Hybrid Sterility hybrids fail to produce functional gametes. Hybr id Breakdown The viability or fertility of the hybrids is greatly reduced. 33. ) Speciation that is fleet which are due to chromosomal changes. Rapid Speciation kind Genetics 1. ) The affected individual through whom the pedigree is discussed. Proband 2. ) 22II + XX/XY + I21/Trisomy 21 Downs Syndrome 3. ) 22II + XX/XY + I16,17,or18, or Trisomy in either 16, 17, 18th chromosome. E Trisomy 4. ) 22II + XX/XY + I13,14,or15 or Trisomy in either 13, 14, 15th chromosome. D Trisomy 5. ) Sex chromosome Aneuploid. 22II + XO. 9% of affected fetuses die before birth. Sexually Infantile. Turners Syndrome 6. ) 22II + XXY. mental Retardation, Rambling talkativeness, dependent, submissive, rudimentary testes. Klinefelters Syndrome 7. ) 22II + XXX. Tallness, menstrual irregularities, Subnormal Mental Abilities. Triplo X Syndrome 8. ) 22II + XYY. Violent Behavior. Acne. Speech and Reading Problems. Jacob Syndrome 9. ) 22II + Xy. Has both ovary and testes. Mentally retarded. Has congenital anomali es. Hermaphrotidism 10. ) 5p-. undercut on the terminal end of the 5th Chromosome. Small Epiglottis.Cat-like cry. Cri-du-chat Syndrome 11. ) No dystrophin synthesized. track of a small segment in X chromosome. Duchenne Muscular dystrophy 12. ) Lesser dystrophin synthesized. Becker Muscular Dystrophy 13. ) Reciprocal translation of chromosomes 2 and 20. Alagille Syndrome. 14. ) Translocation involving chromosomes 9 and 22 resulting in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Philadelphia chromosomes. 15. ) Genes that convert normal cells into cancer cells. Oncogenes 16. ) solicitation of galactose in blood. Consequences include muscle weakness, mental retardation, and liver disease.Galactosemia. 17. ) tube to malaria but has severe hemolytic anemia. Favism/Primaquine Sensitivity. 18. ) PKU stands for. phenylketonuria. 19. ) Normal hemoglobin A is replaced by abnormal hemoglobin S. Substitution of amino acrid valine for glutamic acid. reap hook Cell Anemia. 20. ) Persistence of fetal hemogl obin. Too few beta globin chains. Thalassemia. 21. ) Caused by a deletion of a single amino acid of the CFTR. Lung infection. Pancreatic insufficiency. Cystic Fibrosis. 22. ) Predisposition to allergy was found out in a single dominant gene in the long girdle of? Chromosome 11 23. Loss of ability to organize thoughts. Was found out to have a heritability of 80%. A normal person can have this by living with someone who has this. Schizophrenia 24. ) 2 Common alimentation Disorders. Anorexia Nervosa/Bulimia Nervosa 25. ) Eating disorder where males see themselves as too small and they take more amino acid. Bigorexia/Muscle Dysmorphia. 26. ) Has a richly heritability of 40-60%. Gene for dopamine contributes to this too. Drug Addiction 27. ) Environmental effect on IQ declines as an individual advances in age. The heritability of an adult IQ is 80%. True 28. The candidate gene for intelligence. N-CAM (Neural Cellular Adhesion Molecule) 29. ) The candidate chromosome for intelligence. 4 30. ) nation Act No. 9288. Newborn Screening Act 31. ) Disorders included in Newborn Screening Congenital Hyperthyroidism Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Galactosemia Phenylketonuria Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 1. ) Steps in Recombinant DNA Technology. childbed Endonuclease/DNA Ligase Cloning Vehicle/Vector Functional array Multiplication of Recipient Cells. 2. ) Initial success of Recombinant DNA Technology.Insulin in E. Coli 3. ) HUGO stands for. Human Genome Mapping Organization 4. ) The technique of DNA fingerprinting involves the use of. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms 5. ) DNA Markers Useful in Genome Mapping RFLP tandem bicycle alkali Repeat Markers Polymerase Chain Reaction Based Marker stochastic Amplified Polymorphic DNA Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism 6. ) Executive Order 514 series of 2006 established? National Biosafety manakin 7. ) NCBP stands for. National Committee on Bi osafety of the Philippines. Bonus Questions on Human Genetics . ) People with urine that smells like Maple Syrup. Maple Syrup Urine Disease 2. ) prepare formation of plaque on the inner wall of coronary arteries. Angina. Arrythmia. inwardness Failure. Shortness of Breath. Coronary Heart Disease 3. ) Manifested absence of polyuria, normal/ meagrely decreased concentrating urine ability. Autosomal Recessive. Gitelmans Syndrome 4. ) Microcephally. Synephrys. Thick Eyelashes. Short distressed nose. Downturned lips. 1 to 10,000 to 30,000. Cornelia de Lange Syndrome 5. ) Neurodevelopmental disorder that affects girls exclusively. Has 4 stages.Last stage is scoliosis and the loss of walking ability. Rett Syndrome 6. ) hold up accumulation of glycogen that leads to progressive weakness of the muscles. Ventilator dependence. Pompe Disease 7. ) think about age of 36. Mean survival after diagnosis is 2. 8 years. Dyspnea. Fatigue. Syncope. tit Pain. Edema. Familial Pulmonary Arterial Hype rtension (FPAH) 8. ) Has a complex inheritance pattern. Chronic disease characterized by recurrent attack of breathlessness and wheezing. hypersensitised and Respiratory Asthma 9. ) Excessive Hunger. Excessive thirst. Frequent Urination. Weight Loss.Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 10. ) Nearsightedness or shortsightedness. Myopia 11. ) Autoimmune disease that can affect any part of the body. It is caused by the malfunction of the immune system. systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) 12. ) Bloating. Stomach Cramps. Flatulence. Slight Nausea. Diarrhea upon intake of lactose. Lactose Intolerance 13. ) Neurodegenerative disease that commonly affects people over the age of 60. Parkinsons Disorder 14. ) Sporadic, non-contagious multifactorial disease in which progressive, patchy or loss of pigmentation of skin, overlying hair, and often mucous membranes.Vitiligo 15. ) Congenital Paresis (Paralysis of the Face). Inability to suck. Excessive Drooling. Moebius Syndrome 16. ) Small head circumference, high pitched cry, seizures increased. Microcephally 17. ) Average intelligence. Speaking in monotone. Develop intense affaire in a particular subject. Asperger Syndrome 18. ) Generalized blistering and mucosal contact present at birth. Non Herlitz Junctional Epidemolysis Bullosa 19. ) Manifestations of bone fracture, without known trauma, bone deformity and blueish sclera. Osteogenesis Imperfecta