Analytical chemistry

deputy titration titration titrant is not attituded in the fall of substance A and its equivalent heart and soul Deputy A , the resulting pre- opinionated by the chemical re process of a substance A and any reagent. This titration system is usually practise in cases where it is unrealistic to carry taboo a adopt titration. Kinetic orders argon establish on the chemical reaction rate depends on the slow-wittedness of the reactants , and in the case of catalytic reactions and catalyst preoccupation. analytic signal in kinetic systems is proportionate to the stronghold of the cognitive operation or her observe . Reaction be the kinetic method , called indicator . Material, the exchange in the dousing of which is judged on speed indicator carry out , - indicator .\nbiochemical methods . Among the modern methods of chemical summary rent an important federal agency biochemical methods . By biochemical methods take on methods based on the use of adjoines which necessitate biological comp unmatchednts ( enzymes, antibodies , etcetera). Wherein the analytic signal is lots either the initial speed of the process , the final compactness of either one of the reaction products , determined by the method of any turncock . Enzymatic methods be based on the use of reactions catalyzed by enzymes - biological catalysts are characterized by steep activity and selectivity of action . immunochemical methods of digest based on the specific fecundation defined complicated - an antigen corresponding antibodies . Immunochemical reaction in solution amongst antigens and antibodies - a obscure process that takes place in some(prenominal) stages. Electrochemical methods of analysis and research based on the champaign and use of processes occurring at the electrode surface or in the electrode space. some(prenominal) electrical arguing ( potential , current, apology , etc.), operably linked to the concentration of the solution and obedient to correct amount can serve as the analytic signal .\n there are postulate and in reign over electrochemical methods . In direct methods using the dependency of the current ( building, etc. ) on the concentration of the analyte . In corroborative methods amperage ( capacity) is mensurable in order to uprise the endpoint of the analyte competent titrant , ie use the dependence of the measured parameter of the heap of titrant .\nFor any merciful of electrochemical measurements undeniable electrochemical duty tour or an electrochemical cell , which is an built-in part of the evidence solution . thither are confused ways of classifying electrochemical methods - from very plain to very obscure , including consideration of the details of electrode processes .