when sports were just games :: essays research papers

When Sports were just GamesI grew up in front of the T.V. watching bone-crunching hits and massive collection plate runs in old Cleveland Municipal Stadium. I saw the last game the Browns played there and I started bawling like a blubbering idiot when they left wing the field. Back then sports were much more simple. The games were played for fun. There were no high-school kids bringing down the quality of NBA games, There werent any greedy me-first 19 year olds trying to sue their way into the NFL. Nor were there any teams spending 190 one thousand thousand horses to buy a World Series like the Yankees. and when the 1995 NFL season ended I was finally introduced to the most horrid part of sports... economics.Economics ruined my favourite(a) game and economics had taken away my favorite team. The Browns werent just my team, they were Clevelands team. They were taken from us because Art Modell couldnt force the taxpayers to pulp him a stadium. He had enough money to help Clevela nd build a football game stadium we could be proud of, but hed rather make money. Never mind the rich tradition of football we have in Cleveland. Never mind the fact that we were a playoff team the year before. The new stadium was going to cost him money. Thats when I recognise that allegiances and loyalty dont matter to owners or players. The only thing that matters to guys like Modell is the almighty dollar. Football is not the only sports that has been ruined by late economic changes. Baseball has had its own struggles with economics. It starts with the large gaps between large and small market teams. While some small market teams like the Florida Marlins, Oakland As and the Kansas City Royals have been able to perform well, most like the Devil Rays and Pirates stink. The most telling statistic that shows this gap is that the Yankees have a 190 million dollar payroll. That is a full 40 million above the team in second. The team with the lowest payroll is the Tampa Bay Devil Ra ys at 20 million dollars. That is a full 5.2 million dollars less than Alex Rodriguez One player makes more than 25 players It is also $170 million dollars lower than the Yankees. So what does baseballs Commissioner, Bud Selig, do about this problem? He doesnt propose some sort of salary cap like the NFL, he says that the MLB needs contraction.

As I Lay Dying1 Essay -- Essays Papers

As I Lay Dying1William Faulkner uses language in a unique way in his novel As I Lay Dying. Language is a form of expression to show thoughts and emotions. Faulkner uses it to convey the individual characters thoughts and feelings. He also uses it to draw a line among language and true expression. He shows the limitations of language and the difference between language and words.As I Lay Dying covers the story of a family as they pilgrimage to bury the mother, Addie, in her hometown after her death. They all go through the same situations but individually experience different emotions and thoughts. They express these through the language they use. What each character says as well as how he/she says it lets the reader see the character underlying meaning. Through Faulkners technique of letting each person manifold speak in the first person, language takes on an important role in understanding the characters.Darl is an example of the power of language due to him having the m ost chapters as narrator. His language is more clear and reflective than the other speakers are are. He uses similes and metaphors like the horse to represent his mother. Dewey Dell is different than the rest of her family. Instead of scarcely reporting facts or describing she uses language to express her true feelings. Language is personal to her and demonstrates its power. An example of this is when she describes how the doctor could do so much for me if he just would and how he is a ...

My Last Duchess :: Robert Browning, My Last Duchess

Robert Browning is remembered for his mastery at capturing the essence and power of the dramatic monologue. Through symbolism, structure and technique, Browning creates the model of the high-minded dramatic monologue in the poem, My Last Duchess. My Last Duchess was published in 1845. Ferrara is the subtitle of the poem and assists in disclosing the design of the poem, a portrayal of Alfonso II, the fifth Duke of Ferrara. The historic life of Alfonso II fits intricately with the events and happenings within the poem. Alfonso II married Lucrezia de Medici who is the daughter of the Duke of Florence. The Dukes family has a long credited name and wealth that had been around for ages. The cornucopia and power of the duchesss family had been newly acquired, and when comparing the two families, the Dukes was much more significant, at least in his eyes. The Duchess of Alfonso II died of poisoning in 1561. tether short years later the Duke arranged to marry Barbara, a niece of the enumera te of Tyrol. The speaker of the dramatic monologue is an egotistical and pompous Duke. He speaks to an envoy of the Count throughout the monologue. At the beginning of the poem, he slowly draws back the curtain and reveals a portrait. This portrait, he asserts, is his last Duchess disembodied spiriting as if she were alive (lines1-2). The Duke continues by addressing the look upon her face and the many reasons for her blushing cheeks. Continuing the description, he depicts the duchesss ways, including her virtues of innocence and unspoiled beauty. Examples are given by the Duke of how easily she is impressed by constitution and the simple pleasures of life. He claims he is disgusted by her ability to see natural beauty as an equal delectation with his name and matrimony. Then genuinely subtly he tells the envoy how he gave orders to have all smiles stopped together (line 46). The envoy is completely aware of the truth about the ordered killings and the Dukes greedy reasoning for m arrying the niece of the Count. The contemptuous way of the Duke is made perfectly clear to the envoy, and the envoy begins to leave. The delegate is completely aware of the truth about the ordered killings and the Dukes greedy reasoning for marrying the niece of the Count. The Duke elaborates his reasoning for marrying the duchess, by declaring it is only for the dowry.

Canadian Law Enforcement Essay -- Technology, Tasers

Taser Changes go Ahead, an article published in the Alberta News in February, indicates that the RCMP is moving forward and entrust be instituting some previously described changes into its 2011 Police Manual framework. The framework is currently being reviewed and will later be reviewed and approved by the Albertan scrutineer General. The 16 recommendations made by the Braidwood inquiry, including yearly re-trainings, monthly quality and adherence audits, as well as updated procedures based on the minimization of any potentially adverse wellness effects to the subject, should be reflected in the final version of the manual for 2011. This establishment of the project by the Alberta Solicitor General demonstrates a of import attempt towards improvement over previous perspectives on the dangers of semiconducting Energy Weapons, commonly known as Tasers. As a result, it is clear that improvements to the issues of adverse health effects, design flaws within the device itself and polic e policies must be instituted within the Canadian society. The issue of Conductive Energy Devices (CED), synonymously known as Conductive Energy Weapons (CEW), has been at the forefront since the introduction of the devices to the Canadian Market in 2001. The device most popularly known as a Taser has been allegedly prudent for numerous deaths caused by excessive use, flaws in the design, and lack of police training. Moreover, since the increased media coverage of the issue by non profit organizations such as Amnesty International, which began in late 2007, and the Canadian Civil Liberities Association in 2010 the use of such weapons has undergone significant change within the implementation of the device by police, codes of conduct presidency CED equipp... ... number of Taser reported issues in the past decade.In conclusion, it is clear that albeit the Taser technology in its infant stage encountered many problems the fact that such a technology has not been taken off the marke t stands as a testament to its utility to law enforcement agencies worldwide. Furthermore, albeit the problem is complicated, time sensitive and requires significant mobilization of convey resources and public participation as well as deaths of innocent civilians the issue is resolvable. As occurred in the past history of Taser failures the technology can and will be revamped whilst the society must catch up to fully optimize its utilization of the technology to achieve its goal. In the case of Tasers it is to provide a non lethal pick to apprehend suspects, saving lives every step of the way, suspect and innocent alike.

Prosecution Of Macbeth (if He Was Tried For The Murder Of Duncan) :: essays research papers

Ladies and Gentlemen of the jury, we have heard the defence glorify Macbeth in an effort to cloud the horrible acts of murder that he committed. The question that we are here to answer today stands, ?is Macbeth guilty of the murder of our beloved king, Duncan?. Mevery questions cloud our judgement today. Did Macbeth have a motive to cancel out the king? Did Macbeth meticulously premeditate the murder of Duncan? Did Macbeth carryout, then cover up the murder of King Duncan? Ladies and gentlemen it will be difficult, nay impossible for you to deny any of these allegations of murder against Macbeth, because simply put, he did commit these vicious acts of murder.Members of the jury, King Duncan was ruler of Scotland in a kingdom which the Scottish lineage to the throne moves from father to first-born son. moreover a member from within the same bloodline could lay claim to the throne if Duncan had no living sons. Therefore a question ponders in your mind. wherefore would Macbeth murde r king Duncan? Macbeth had no legitimate claim to the throneHowever ladies and gentleman, what some of you may not know is that Macbeth was in-fact the King?s cousin. Before Duncan?s untimely death he stated to Macbeth ?O valiant cousin Worthy gentleman? (pg 32) which confirms that Macbeth was in-fact Duncan?s cousin. Therefore Macbeth was in the same bloodline as Duncan, and therefore could take the throne if Duncan had no sons who were able to ascend to the throne. But since Duncan had already named Malcolm as heir to the throne, Duncan had to be murdered. This was always in the back of MacBeth?s mind from the very beginning. The prophecy of the three witches, only fired his imagination to confirm the terrible deeds he was already planning, the death of king Duncan and red the throne from his dying hands.Macbeth stated ?I am settled, and bend up each corporal agent to this terrible feat. Away, and mock the time with fairest show out of true face must hide what false heart doth k now.? (Pg 55) This demonstrates that he was resolute and determined to use all the powers of his body to commit that terrible murder. He was to bewray the world by framing two innocent servants and appearing distraught by Duncan?s untimely death. The death of a king, who was a kind-hearted man, was aided by the blatant mis-use of his own love, loyalty and trust for his closest friends

Prosecution Of Macbeth (if He Was Tried For The Murder Of Duncan) :: essays research papers

Ladies and Gentlemen of the jury, we see heard the defence glorify Macbeth in an effort to deprave the horrible acts of murder that he reachted. The question that we are here to answer today stands, ?is Macbeth guilty of the murder of our beloved king, Duncan?. Many questions cloud our judgement today. Did Macbeth have a motive to kill the king? Did Macbeth meticulously premeditate the murder of Duncan? Did Macbeth carryout, then cover up the murder of tabby Duncan? Ladies and gentlemen it will be difficult, nay impossible for you to deny any of these allegations of murder against Macbeth, because simply put, he did commit these vicious acts of murder.Members of the jury, King Duncan was ruler of Scotland in a kingdom which the Scottish store to the throne moves from father to first-born son. However a member from within the same bloodline could lay claim to the throne if Duncan had no living sons. Therefore a question ponders in your mind. Why would Macbeth murder king Duncan? Macbeth had no legitimate claim to the throneHowever ladies and gentleman, what some of you may not know is that Macbeth was in-fact the King?s cousin. Before Duncan?s untimely death he stated to Macbeth ?O valiant cousin Worthy gentleman? (pg 32) which confirms that Macbeth was in-fact Duncan?s cousin. Therefore Macbeth was in the same bloodline as Duncan, and therefore could take the throne if Duncan had no sons who were able to ascend to the throne. But since Duncan had already named Malcolm as heir to the throne, Duncan had to be murdered. This was eternally in the back of MacBeth?s mind from the very beginning. The prophecy of the three witches, only fired his imagination to confirm the terrible deeds he was already planning, the death of king Duncan and tearing the throne from his dying hands.Macbeth stated ?I am settled, and bend up each corporal agent to this terrible feat. Away, and scoff the time with fairest show False face must hide what false heart doth know.? (Pg 55 ) This demonstrates that he was resolute and determined to use all the powers of his body to commit that terrible murder. He was to deceive the world by framing two innocent servants and appearing distraught by Duncan?s untimely death. The death of a king, who was a kind-hearted man, was aided by the blatant mis-use of his own love, loyalty and trust for his closest friends

Discuss the relationship between accountability, risk management and user-centered care

For the purpose of this TMA, I intend to look at how the use of essay circumspection may assist and hinder practitioners accountability within the community mental health team I work in, to explore how gamble management assists and hinders the relationship between social workers, employers and service users.Within the CMHT risk management is based upon guidance in Clinical Governance which states Anticipate and prevent potential problems to learn from critical incidents and complaints and to provide systems to help clinical staff to reflect and develop their practice. (RCN, 1998 Book 1, Chapter 9, p.3).Risk assessments within the team are seen as unequivocal tools that enable good communication between the social worker and patient. The assessment provides a basis from which a plan can be formulated to entertain the patient from risk but also to extend the barriers of risk in a planned way, enabling the patient to explore and develop new lintel strategies empowering them to co pe with their mental illness. In these situations there is a balance to be drawn between patients safety and autonomy.There is however another side to the risk management processes in that practitioners feel Youve got to watch your step and cover your back Document everything Make sure you follow the guide stores and you keep the patients safe Thats the bottom line youve got to be safe. (L.Finlay, personal communication, 12 March 1999 Book 1, Chapter 9, p.187). It is this fear of punitive action that dissuades practitioners from exposing service users to avoidable risks, and risk assessments are viewed as documents providing good yard of assessments to be accessed if ever there were questions about the care of the patient.The British Association of Social Workers gives guidelines for social workers accountability. For the purpose of this TMA accountability can be defined as to be in a position to give an explanation for ones actions with reasons and justifications.

Commercialization of the Navajo Sand Painting Practice

For the due west, art has traditionally been considered as the mark of civilization, in so far as humanity is able to capture and render the essence of beauty and preserve this through their artwork. ( Gilbert, 1982 Errington, 1994 Witherspoon, 1977) Indeed, art may even be a purely Western construct since textiles and jewellery, clothing and cosmetics (to mention only a few of the contexts where aesthetic choices operate) are not usually considered by us to be imposture with a capital A. (Gilbert, 1982 168)The understanding and appreciation of non-Western art has therefore been problematic for many scholars, given that branding such(prenominal) cultural products and practices as such carries with it the enthnocentric connotations of the Western definition which usually defines art based on the value system of Western culture (Gilbert, 1982 167-168 Errington, 1994 203 Clifford, 1988221) that, as Robbins (2005) points out, has become more and more interested with the accumulation of material wealth and the derivation of fulfillment from the consumption of products (Robbins 200520) and where the perception of beauty is lamentably static. (Witherspoon, 1977152)Critics have likewise noted that art in the West has often connoted being art by intention, which are produced and valued to be perceived for their beauty and for the monetary value that they carried.(Errington, 1994 201) This is distinguished from what is considered as art by appropriation or the things that were produced for enjoyments former(a) than art exactly are appraised to be of high value with antiquity or the possession of an indigenous or rum identity, thereby alienating them from the culture that produced them.Witherspoon (1977), for instance, emphasizes the importance of defining indigenous behavior, institutions, and practices within the context of their culture or at the very least, against the backdrop of their view of the globe or their ideological frame of reference. (Witherspoon 1977 4) This includes confronting the fact that these cultures often evolve or even change with their exposure to other cultures and vice versa.The dilemma over the manipulation and definition of non-Western art is illustrated, for instance, in efforts to preserve Navajo sand paintings so they could be sold and collected (Errington, 1994 203). The sand paintings which were originally used in Navajo religious rites and mend ceremonies have been described as true masterpieces of art for their instinctive awareness of the basic principles of design, colour harmonies, and contrasts. (Foster, 196343) Ironically, the sand paintings were created by the Navajo not for arts pastime but as an integral part of religious healing ceremonies to locate and reestablish of an individual in his or her right place in the the being and thus cure his or her illness.These paintings often utilized colored sand, cornmeal, and other bits of material to depict the Navajos vision of the cosmos and to symbolize their socio-economic life and other cultural elements.(Robbins, 2005 14 Foster, 1963 43) Foster (1963) notes that the Navajo was able to make over a thousand designs from symbols and patterns that were unique to them, and how, after the sand painting had been painstakingly drawn, the shamans would proceed to scrub parts of the design on the individual who was to be cured while praying through chants. For the Navajo people, the sand paintings were indeed relevant not only as a religious tool but also as a source of magic.Horrified by the fact that these intricate sand paintings were often destroyed by being sat on or rubbed off during the healing process and thrown out afterwards, concerned individuals found ways to keep these intact development glue and other materials. (Errington, 1994 203) This concern to preserve the end product of a cultural practice for its artistic or aesthetic value, however, contrasts sharply with the Navajos fantasy of beauty that lies more in the creati ve process that is inextricably linked with their way of life itself. Thus, beauty for the Navajo lies not in the sand painting that has served its purpose in curing a community members illness but in the entire religious ceremony where the sand painting is but a small component.The careless tendency to preserve or collect art from other cultures therefore engenders the superimposition of another cultures value systems and assumptions of convey on the cultural practices or even the products of cultural practices (Errington, 1994 205). This is especially true in the case of the sand paintings, where the preservation enabled them to become durable and portable, able to be moved to new locations, and hung on the walls as art (Errington, 1994205). With this transformation from a religious and highly significant part of Navajo tradition to a home or museum artifact, the Navajo sand painting tend to lose its significance as it became divorced from the culture that produced it.Thus, the Navajo sand painting seem to have lost its meaning as it became more and more commercialized. Approriated as art, the practice became insignificant insofar as the culture and the community that practiced it disintegrated, devoiding sand painting of its ritual meaning and significance. whole shebang CitedClifford, J. (1988). The Predicament of Culture. Cambridge Harvard University Press.Errington, S. (1994). What became authentic primitive art? Cultural Anthropology, 9(2).Foster, K. (1963). Navajo sand paintings. Man, 63.Gilbert, M. (1982). Art the primitive view. The British Journal of Aesthetics, 22(2).Robbins, R. H. (2005). Global Problems and the Culture of Capitalism. Boston, MA Allyn & Bacon.Witherspoon, G. (1977). Language and Art in the Navajo Universe. Michigan University of Michigan Press.

How does Bennett present different teaching styles in ‘The History Boys’?

Bennett presents three contrasting teaching styles in the History Boys through the characters of Hector, Mrs Lintott, and Irwin. wholly three of the characters live their own unique attitude towards the boys impending Oxbridge examinations, putting the boys in the difficult position of having to keep a reasonable balance surrounded by teaching and learning styles whilst making e real effort to maintain the good-humoured relationships they have with each of their teachers, as fountainhead as striving to achieve hale in their examinations.Whilst Hector brands the boys Oxbridge aspirations as silliness, he has a dedication and love for knowledge which he imparts during his lessons, and generally, to his students. While on the subject of General Studies, he quotes any knowledge is precious whether or not it serves the slightest human use, which encapsulates, in one phrase, how highly he values any kind of knowledge as well as how he tries to teach the boys.It shows that Hector sees knowledge as precious- he has an unconventional kind of teaching style which he sees as vital to the boys tuition of life in general, and of particular importance is that the boys are aware of this. As Timms says, Mr. Hectors stuffs not meant for the exam, sir. Its to make us more rounded human beings. when the boys are questioned by Irwin on Hectors teaching style. Furthermore, Hector believes in giving the boys the ability to defy the education they have been given- You give them an education.I give them the wherewithal to resist it he says, in conversation with factual Mrs. Lintott. Hectors teaching style is lively and compassionate, teaching the boys to love what they do. In contrast, Irwin, who is hired to prepare the boys for their exams, is totally centered on exam techniques. When reflecting on the essays he has just marked, he remarks that the other boys and girls who have been to Rome and Venice, Florence and Perugia will know when they come to do an essay like this on t he Church on the eve of the Reformation that some silly nonsense on the foreskins of Christ will come in handy.And doing so he advises the boys to make their essays controversial so they stand out, regardless of what is true or what is considered correct or disciplined- in fact, Irwin approaches History in a rebellious and oppositional way to spark questioning. Iriwns bold place on education is summed up when he says that truth is no more at issue in an examination that thirst at a wine-tasting or fashion at a strip tease- yet again reinforcing the idea that if the boys want to get in to Oxford and Cambridge, they need to make their essays contentious and different sort of than Dull.Read also History QuizzesDull. Abysmally Dull. His idea that silly nonsense will catch the examiners eye comes into conflict with Hectors teaching style and the token of Hectors trust when Irwin finds out that the boys have acquired countless gobbets from Hectors lessons that he believes would be usef ul for the exams- Dont tell me thats useless knowledge, he says, pointing out that any piece of knowledge or quote or gobbet could tending them get through their exams.Hectors compassionate teaching is at complete odds with Irwins edgy style, and even though he disagrees wholeheartedly with the way Irwin approaches learning- call them what you like, entirely do not call them gobbets- he is willing to help Irwin do his job- However, if you think it will help, I will speak to them. Mrs Lintott, the boys history teacher, has a very factual and straightforward approach to teaching which sees the boys through their A levels- Their A levels are very good. And that is thanks to you, Dorothy. She is more concerned with facts than anything else, and her belief is that Plainly declared and properly organised facts need no presentation, surely. But the headmaster of the school is looking for something different, rather like Irwin- Think charm. Think polish. Think Renaissance Man. Mrs Linto tt is foil by the need for presentation and the fact that the dons fall for the tactics employed by people like Irwin, however, and compares it to A sprig of parsley, you mean? Or an umbrella in the cocktail? outlining her dry, sarcastic, cynical humour, and showing her disrespect for jazzing up facts to be acknowledged and noticed, as Irwin does. As Rudge puts it, when speaking to Mrs Lintott about Irwin, Youve force-fed us the facts now were in the process of caterpillar tread around acquiring flavour. In conclusion, Bennett presents three different teaching styles in the play by showing the audience not just the teachers lessons but by giving the audience an idea of what the teachers personalities and outlooks on life are, showing that teaching and learning involve so much more than exam results.

Digital Libraries Essay

Ashley Tipton Digital Libraries Introduction A simple definition of a digital program library is a library where collections be stored in digital formats instead of physical formats and accessible via computers. The content can then be accessed loc all in ally, as in within a library, or remotely much(prenominal) as from other places on a college campus or from a users home. some(prenominal) people believe that digital libraries are the future. at that place are in like manner those that still hold on to the thought that the traditional brick and mortar building is the way a library is supposed to be and that moving to the digital accredited is not the direction a library should be heading.History The education revolution is one of the marvels of the 20th century. We are outright living in an data society where almost ein truthone around us has a computer, a smartphone, and is connected to the Internet. As our society has establish more and more connected, libraries have also started to become more digitized. Library automation came into popularity in the early 1950s. It started with punched card applications to library technical services operations. In 1965, Licklider coined the phrase library of the future to refer to his visual sense of a fully computer-based library and then in 1978, F.W. Lancaster wrote of the melodic themeless library (Harter, 1996).Other terms later on that were utilize to describe the library of the future were electronic library, virtual library, library without walls, and bionic library (Harter, 1996). The term digital library came to be from the Digital Libraries Initiative. In 1994, six universities in the United States were granted 24 million dollars for digital library research. This was brought on by the sudden boom of the Internet.Digital library is the name that was most widely adopted by academics, researchers, and librarians and is used to describe the process of digitizing tuition resources. Digitization Acco rding to Ram Nath Maurya, at that place is a stress for three things in the digital world (Maurya, 2011) Awareness of information which gives the breath of vision. Awareness of technology which gives the power to make the visions manifest. Awareness of needs provide the insight to use professional skills and talents to greater effect.The meaning of this is that it is important for the user to have information that is easily locatable and easily accessible. Nowadays, library patrons have become information conscious and no longer want to wait and go to the library to find what they need. They want to access it access the information electronically. The process of digitizing implies the production of a digital surrogate for a physical object (Unsworth, 2004). There are umpteen different items in libraries that are digitized.This ranges from serials that can be found either in print or online to rare books and archives that are now being preserved in a digital format. There are m any positive outcomes that come from digitizing parts of a librarys collection. There is less cost in reshelving the item. The item is simultaneously available to multiple users. The item does not have to be replaced, since it is not being used and there is no chance of it being lost. Also, if it is a rare item, it can be preserved more easily as it will be less oft handled. Why Go Digital?The most valuable aspect of the digital library is its reduction in cost. There are many fees that are negated such as staff pay, book maintenance, rent, and additional books. This makes the cost of the digital library much less to maintain than that of a traditional library. Also, increased reduction in the use of paper has a positive impact on the environment. Environmental scientists all over the world favor digital libraries to help reduce paper usage. Libraries that have a digital presence can be reached all over the world, thus allowing the library to have a far greater interview beyond the ir local community.Their collection can be shared and accessed from anywhere. As distance education becomes more popular, it is even more important for libraries to have an online presence. Students who top executive not be able to physically access their school librarys collection can instead find what they need on their website. Many libraries are offering a vary large amount of databases containing full-text journals and also electronic books. The interlibrary loan program allows students to order books from their own school and other libraries without go away their home.The role of the librarian in a digital library is still vastly important. They are needed to package and repackage information. Librarians set up the proxies and open-URLs. They do electronic publishing, provide reference instruction, and teach patrons how to use electronic resources. Also, there is always more information that needs to be digitized. Disadvantages of Digital Libraries There are many threats to the nature of digital libraries. Computer viruses are a danger if libraries are not careful to protect their hardware and software.Also, the high initial cost of stem such as the hardware, software, network, and IT professionals can be a downside and then also the cost to maintain and upgrade when needed. Standardization is another issue that libraries can hardihood when moving to a digital format. Each library is different and therefore it is extremely likely that each library will have a very different way of digitizing their collection and presenting their information online. Another potential problem is copyright. Digital libraries have to find a way to properly distribute information without violating copyright law.The copyright of the author has to be protected as items are digitized and put into an online collection. Future of Digital Libraries The future trend for libraries is to keep moving toward a digital format. Daniel Akst, the author of The Webster Chronicle, sums it up in one simple statement the future of libraries-and of information-is digital. He states, All the problems associated with digital libraries are wrapped up in archiving, and goes on to state, if in 100 years people can still read your article, well have solved the problem.Computer storage embraces to grow at an exponential rate and the cost keeps going down. It is believed that eventually, given the current advancement of technology, a person will be able to virtually access all recorded information. There are many large scale digitization projects underway at places such as Google, the Million Book Project, and Internet Archive. The technology behind scanners and the digitization techniques also keeps improving. There have been recent advancements in how books are handled and presentation technologies such as optical character recognition.Libraries will continue to become more equipped to digitize their own collections and share them with the world. Bibliography Akst, Daniel. The Webster Chronicle. New York Bluehen, 2002. Print. Harter, S. (1996, September). What is a digital library? definitions, content, and issues. A paper presented at KOLISS DL 96 international conference on digital libraries and information services for the 21st century, Seoul, Korea. Retrieved from http//php. indiana. edu/harter/koreapaper. htm Lagoze, C. , Krafft, D. , Payette, S. , & Jesuroga, S. (2005). What is a digital library anymore, anyway?.D-Lib Magazine, 11(11), Retrieved from http//www. dlib. org/dlib/november05/lagoze/11lagoze. html Maurya, R. (2011). Digital library and digitization. multinational Journal of Information Dissemination & Technology. , 1(4), 228-331. Retrieved from http//web. ebscohost. com. proxy. lib. fsu. edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? vid=7&hid=9&sid=4c2e1991-9b6d-48bc-bd10-edec1ba6b69esessionmgr11 Unsworth, J. (2004, May 17). The value of digitization for libraries and humanities scholarship. Retrieved from http//people. lis. illinois. edu/unsworth /newberry. 04. html

Literature, Business, and Social Change

Literature offers wide variety of genre depending on the context and expression. It gives fictional and non-fictional attack to its audience that magnifies the society. We engross literary productions to inform the public in whatever objective and intention it may be. According to just about literature scholars and professors, literature is the mirror of the society. It gives voice to those who ar voiceless, it gives flavourtime to the livelinessless, and it gives hope to the hopeless. Literature is mostly about the goodness of the society, of the earth.However, because literature is the mirror of the society, about writer attempted to write or describe the flaws of life and weaknesses of humanity to justify both sides of mortal and immortal life. Different signifiers of literature vary from divers(prenominal) shapes and sizes. All aspects of living argon literature any kind of communication is literature, graffiti is literature, gossip is literature, writing is literature . Therefore, almost everything is part of literature. Different societal factors utilise literature to broaden the knowledge of public towards their institution.Other reason is that victimization literature can be a form of social change. It may not manifest today, there is hope that it go forth change the future cast out situation and strengthen the positive situation of the institutions. Because of the wide variety of literature, different bodies of society used literature and its branches to acknowledge their importance and virtues for the reason that literature brings life to past, present, and future employment grow is wiz of those. Several books and articles have been written on the intersection between literature and condescension and/or worry ethics.Still, it is one thing to claim that literature can contribute to our understanding of occupancy conduct, but yet another to claim that literature can contribute to the colligate terminus of improving moral conduct in business organisation. (Michaelson, 2005) Past and Present Situation stage business done Literature Like any other institutions, the ground of business also uses literature to attract customers. The business culture also has its business literature that is used to inform their customers about their products and service. Some of the business literatures argon brochures and newsletters.However, questions may be asked about the connection of core literature to the culture of business. Does literature show the history of business? There argon different kinds of literature about business like the Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare, The Pit by Norris Frank, Looking Backward by Edward Bellamy, and the most familiar literature about business is the Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller. The Death of a Salesman is a play in 1949 that described the life of having American Dream. The story of this play substantiates the life of being successful in the world of business along with di fferent conflicts and dilemmas.The main characters perception towards his dream triggers his life to an end. It implies that there is no problem in believing and reaching your goals but you must take the course of problems and pains. In the case of the main character, he takes the course of success in a complex situation that put his life into the grave. This kind of literature in the past show that business will always be business, some win while some lose. However, does this kind of attack in creating a story about business is even necessary in this present measure?Many fictional short stories depict business culture and tradition in different aspects. Fables about greed and envy also manifests in the business culture. One example of fable on business is, The Dog and The Bone. A dog held a juicy bone in his jaws as he crossed a bridge over a brook. When he looked down into the water, he saw another dog below with what appeared to be a big juicier bone. He jumped into the brook to snatch the bigger bone, letting go his own bone, He quickly learned of course that the bigger bone was just a reflection, and so he ended up with nothing. (Phillips, n.d. ) This example shows that greed, envy, selfishness, and being self-centered still exist from the past until today. Even if it does not deliberate or used human to describe the situation, it insists that the actions of the dog can be obtained by human in their oeuvreplace. However, literature helps us define the changes of business from the past, the present, and the future. It can be seen through the details and collaborations of different stories and essays about business. Past writings about business stated the dream and aim of a person or group of populate in the world of business.Present writings show the situation, life, and dilemmas in the workplace. Future writings will soon cover the examples of prominent businesspersons who monopolized and conquered the business world. One instrumental serve of lite rature is to imitate life, thereby expanding our vision beyond our parochial interests to see literature merely as a didactic instrument to serve business interests misses the point that literature should expand understanding, our spirit of what in addition to business is interesting and valuable.(Michaelson, 359) course somehow depends on the factor of literature because here is where the culture of business relies its history, flaws, weaknesses, and strength that might help to overcome the future circumstances. That is why eve companies need a story to survive. Genre Specificities in Literature of Business As according to the examples above, genres vary on the context of each scenario or case in the workplace. There are sites like businessb solelys.com who share their stories, fables, and analogies on business using both human and non-human to be their characters in order to both entertain and acknowledge the potentials and characteristics of the employees as well as the owner s when it comes to their career. According to one of the articles of forward-looking York Times entitled The Media Business Revenge of the Underlings Becomes a Literary Genre, different forms of literary genres was used in different forms of writings about business.However, the vanquish literary genre that suits the culture of business is realistic fiction as what the play The Death of Salesman implies because through this kind of genre, people can relate to the literary piece and could acquire those lessons to their workplace. Through this, social change within the workplace will be more necessary and trivial for the reason that there are people became dependent towards literature especially during these modern times where a wide variety of literature are available in the market, which brings sociological violation not only to the doer but also to the people around him or her.Literature as a Form of Change in Business glossiness In every form of reading, it is the audiences res ponsibility to take action towards what they read whether it is for the better of their individuality or not. In business culture, literary pieces played a big role to help business perceive the history, the present and the future of their institution. However, because literature is the mirror of the society and it caters a wide range of genres and context, it should be verbalize that not only good things are shown while negativities of this societal body was hidden.Literature is transparent in everyway it gives what the public needs to know in order to be informed as one of the point of literature. Business literatures are often used to negotiate and close the deals between companies and clients. In this aspect, literature did a great job in participating to the business culture as seeking culture and justifications on its products and services. Through this, changes in the business world from its employees up to its owners will manifests in a positive way wherein they could pro vide much services and accurate details to their customers.Literature and Business Audience When business leaders or even employers and employees read the story of The Trench-Digger, they would realize that despite of circumstances and struggle, a person would do all things just to get a job. Most of the time, we put ourselves in the shoes of other people especially when we are reading a story or watching a movie. When the story ended as what we expect, we will mold ourselves according to the story and will soon act as the main character in order to survive the circumstances that are cogitate to the tale.Through these manifestations, change will occur based on the result of interpretation and observation of the situation of the text. For example, when you read the The Trench-Digger, you will realize that in every work or job, a person should be worth it in a way that he or she must have his or her capabilities from his or her prior jobs. Because experience is one of the most impor tant when finding a job, even a hard task will be done if the person is voluntary to learn and have an optimistic point of view towards success.As the referee took his of herself to the story, he or she also made a decision for change. Once he or she believed in a certain narrative or writings, it means that he or she is willing to do some actions in his or her workplace. However, it is hard to desexualise a change alone, that is why people who read a story, essay, or anything about change and optimism, they will make their friends or officemates to be enlightened by reading the same text. In this case, change will come from a group of individuals who wanted clarity and sensibility to their workplace.Literature and the Main Purpose of Business We all know that business is a business. It was established to have profit. The main purpose of business is to motivate its people to have income in a way of establishing different strategies and ideas. These issues are already accepted by the society it cannot be changed. Meanwhile, literature is an implication of transformation. Therefore, these issues of business opposed the essence of literature. We all know that the main purpose of literature is to inform the public about the situation in the society, it also gives data and evidence of history.In this case, literature also implicates negativities and affirmative construction towards the bodies of society. Businesss main purpose was being attacked by literature if it implies teachings that are below the belt like envy, greed, and self-centered perspectives just because they want to earn profit. Literature understands the goal of business as it is but the people or actions behind this body could not be hidden from the mirror of the society. Aside from this, change will be depending on the readers alone because literature held its stand in whatever struggle it may be.Literature, Business, and Social Change Each author has their own perspective on what they write. T hey also deal with the problems of their writings as it conquers the visions of its audience. In the case of business culture, author used ideas that are relevant to the issue that will give information to the public on its essence, importance, as well as its weaknesses. Through this, the desire of the author to change the social environment of the business audience will still depend on its attack and impact to the readers.Authors lay their stand and evidences towards the issues it is the responsibility of the readers to take the solution as a threat or enlightenment. This paper tells from the first up to its end that literature is a way of informing and applying its perspectives to its audience. It brings great social change in business culture because business relies on the ideas and creativeness of literature in order to build relationship between the company and its clients. Literature teaches its business audience to deal with the sociological standards of life.It brings soci ological impact if the reader will make its life as what the text stated but literature will be senseless if the reader could not do some necessary changes to its workplace because she is afraid to do it or treat literature as insignificant fictional entity of the society. As a whole, literature and business are interrelated factors that mould the society in different level or perspective. We assumed that business is one of the biggest factor to maintain our economic growth, and from this paper, we knew that literature contributed to its organic evolution and development.In this case, business would be paralyzed in some aspects of expansion without the help of literature. Aside from this, social change in workplace were introduced because of literature as it reveals the situation, cases, and issues of business culture from the past, present, until the future. Therefore, it can be said that business, literature, and social change are interconnected that have certain process of attac hment to conduct greater sense of knowledge and responsibility not only in the business culture but also in society as well.References Business Literature. (n. d. ). Encyclopedia of atrophied Business. Retrieved October 18, 2007, from Answers. com Web site http//www. answers. com/topic/business-literature Chapman, Allan. (1995). Stories and analogies Illustrations and analogies for motivation, inspiration, learning and training. Businessballs. com. Retrieved on October 19, 2007 from http//www. businessballs. com/stories. htmdog_and_the_bone_story Columbo, R. (n. d. ).The trench-digger story (initiative, self-development, making things happen, career advancement, how to get a job requiring experience when you have none). Businessballs. com. Retrieved on October 19, 2007 from http//www. businessballs. com/stories. htmdog_and_the_bone_story Michaelson, C. (2005). relations with Swindlers and Devils Literature and Business thics. Journal of Business Ethics. Retrieved on October 19, 20 07 from http//www. springerlink. com/content/x1041j786u456g18/ Miller, A. (1976).Death of Salesman. Penguin Paperbacks Philips, J. (n. d. ) The dog and the bone story (be content with what you have, greed and envy seldom pay). Businessballs. com. Retrieved on October 19, 2007 from http//www. businessballs. com/stories. htmdog_and_the_bone_story Stanley, A. (2002). The Media Business Revenge of the Underlings Becomes a Literary Genre. New York Times. Retrieved on October 19, 2007 from http//query. nytimes. com/gst/fullpage. html? res=9504E6DF163CF931A25755C0A9649C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2

The Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India: in Service for Sight

Economics of Organization PATAGONIA Case * Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a broad-based movement in business that encourages companies to take responsibility for the impact of their activities on customers, employees, communities and the environment. Patagonia is a manufacturer of high quality outdoor and adventure sport clothing. Patagonia have found unambiguous ways to couple their products function and the brands environmental values.Their business model raises major sums for environmental causes and their technological innovation reduces the environmental impact of their products. * How Patagonia turned CSR into a private-enterprise(a) advantage? One important issue for a balanced management has been the willingness of the company to create a profit business but with the desire to gaze the environment. We might think that this commitment to the environment is non an internally matched advantage because it can raise costs and hurt margins. Indeed envir onmentally-friendly policies are not the most financially savy.This issue is important because Patagonias entire brand and business is associated with preserving the environment. However, externally, this gave Patagonia a matched advantage because of the brand loyalty it developed. For example, Patagonias real customer base rose in median age to approximately 44 years old in 2002. Externally, this proved to be a prodigious strategic issue because competition brands like Columbia and North Face were able to attract younger demographics, which represented a significant source of future income.The company had a particularly strong commitment to the environment so much so that the management was placed inside implement a polity of slow growth to promote a business model that is more respectful of the environment. Beyond simply slowing growth, the company has undertaken several initiatives for energy aptitude and recycling center for its customer service and retail. This is show h ow the company controls its growth and reduces waste. Patagonias methods also show that a slew of counterintuitive business tips can pick out to do good while increasing the bottom line and that this is why they got to where they are today. Is this competitive advantage sustainable? In my mind, CSR is a competitive advantage. first corporate social responsibility helps rise the companies prestige and fame, which implicitly leads to an increase in the sales, protection in times of crisis and therefore a greater competitive advantage. Even if certain actions may affect economic performance on the short term, they will eventually lead to an increase in the corporations long-term competitive capacity due to their beneficial effects at society level and to the creation of a favorable external environment.Secondly, we may state that social responsibility is the corporations response to the requirements of the environment, in the sense that the companies own actions and goals should be l inked to the common interests and major tendencies of the reference environment. It also gives a competitive advantage to the corporations themselves, helping them guarantee a sustainable development.

An American Family vs. Keeping Up with the Kardashians

An American Family vs. Keeping Up with the Kardashians Although these two shows depict different time periods, they can arguably be a standard for American culture or possibly a gauge in the temperature of what American culture looks like. In American Family there is a scene where wholeness of the young men is talking about California and how he feels about it. Just the use of his language or the words in which he chooses gives the auditory sense an idea of the language that was used during that time period.A nonher example of this is when the family visits the art gallery. In the television show Keeping Up With the Kardashians although they are rich, they also give a gauge of American culture through the government agency in which they talk as well as the activities in which they go about on a daily basis. These two shows are very different but are somewhat based upon the same premise of being a globe show. An American Family was a 12 episode series that chronicled the lives of the Loud family of Santa Barbra, California (Ruoff, 1998).While Keeping Up with the Kardashians has run for 6 seasons so far since it began in 2007. This show is presented to viewing audience as reality TV but as mentioned in a prior class it is more or less a sitcom and not capturing the family in a documentary style the way in which An American Family is. An American Family challenged traditional forms of documentaries and violated viewers expectations of what a documentary was supposed to be about (Ruoff, 1998). The way in which this show is shot and edited also gives is more of a narrative feel than a documentary style.I would argue that the way the it is broken into different episodes especially the time period of the 1970s would make it seem more of a narrative as during that time there werent many shows to compare its different, documentary style to. The show is centered on the upcoming dissever of the mother and father and this seems to drive the story line as well. Althou gh again it is not a sitcom, the narrative of the story seems a bit tampered with, as it is known that the parents will be divorcing very soon.Capturing the moments that lead up to the divorce can be considered to surround a narrative structure. Keeping Up with the Kardashians being based about the life of the Kardashian family with ongoing events that take place is postcode like An American Family. Although many Americans in 1973 may have been able to identify with the characters in An American Family it did not have a crazed turn up culture appeal the way in which Keeping Up with the Kardashians does. This show has become somewhat of a brand but its realness or reality is questionable.Most of the happenings of the family are devised plans to collect audiences and maintain the next that they have. They typical sitcom structure of the show also gives away the reality part of the show. There is no loyalty or cinema verite in this show its all just basically pre-planned by the pro ducers. Their extravagant lifestyles and events dont even compare to the simplistic structure of the Loud family about to split because of the divorce. These shows are very different but on the surface seem alike because essentially the viewer is following the lives of a family.

Psychological studies Essay

Culture diverge is a term which covers slightly(prenominal) shells of bias in psychology. It can be used to refer to judgements and prejudices about certain acculturations, or method actingological biases which channelise to such slanting conclusions. For example, although a method of research may be developed and tack together to be reliable in one culture, the like may not be true in another. Culture bias in methodology prevents us from being able to identify innate behavior in cross-cultural research. One type of culture bias is ethnocentrism, which is the tendency to use ones own culture as a basis for judgements about others. Eurocentrism, ethnocentrism from the perspective of western sandwich cultures, is particularly far-flung in modern Psychology, as it is commonplace for findings based solely on, for example, American participants to be generalised to people across the globe.The relevance of psychological research carried out in Western countries to the wider world is questionnable. A puffy amount of this issue is a result of methodology. Because mundane realism and ecological validities contain so much(prenominal) effect on the generalisation of findings, in order for findings to be relevant across cultures, the methodology mustiness hold these characteristics no matter which culture it is carried out in. Failure to do so may lead to false conclusions, which by definition hinder the main goal of Psychology that is, the ability to understand valet de chambre behaviour.A prominent piece of research that often receives attention for its culture bias is that of Ainsworth & Bell (1970). The eerie situation research method used in their study of infant attachments, and their subsequent conclusions, have reliable criticism for eurocentrism. The strange situation is used to observe levels of distress and other behaviours in an infant upon, for example, insularity from a parent. This may itself be culture biased because of its laissez-faire( a) nature. If an infant is used to interaction with others, deal in Israeli kibbutzim, then separation from a parent will be much slight stressful in the strange situation but this may not imply that the infant is less(prenominal) attached to its parent.The classifications drawn by Ainsworth & Bell are also culturally biased, because they explicitly state which type of attachment is desirable (secure) and which types are undesirable (insecure). This, combined with the eurocentrism of the methodology itself, has led to parenting styles and infant attachments in some cultures to be mislabelled as inferior to those of the United States, and yet no world-shaking negative effects cerebrate to attachments have been observed in such cultures.Another study frequently criticised for eurocentrism is Milgrams (1963) study into obedience, in which participants were deceived into believing that they were required to administer high-voltage electric shocks to a confederate. In a Smith & tram mels (1998) comparison of replications of the same study in different cultures, it was shown that there were differences between cultures in how some(prenominal) people obeyed the researcher in the experiment. For example, 65% of Americans, compared with 85% of Germans, 40% of Australian males, 16% of Australian females and 62% of Jordanians conformed.This indicates cultural differences, meaning that the Milgrams conclusions may hold cultural bias but at the same time such cultural differences may not actually exist. It may be that the research method is not suitable for all of the cultures, or that the research method was carried out in different ways in different cultures. The method used was criticised for being unrepresentative of real life in Western cultures, and so it is likely that it is also unrepresentative of real life in other cultures (such as that of Jordan), or even that the differences between the research environment and real life as even more significant in other cultures. We cannot be sure about the members of these cultures until such differences are ruled out.Many theories have also been criticised for their culturally biased nature. Economic exchange theories of relationship development and maintenance particularly slip away under this category, as, according to Moghaddam (1998), they all apply to Western relationships, and even then only to people in short-term relationships and with high mobility. It may be that relationship theories such as this apply only to individualist cultures and are not suitable for describing relationships in collectivist cultures. However, placing a culture on the individualism-collectivism continuum is not as easy as first thought.In relationship theories, the US if often cited as an individualist culture and Japan as a collectivist culture but when Takano & Osaka (1999) reviewed 15 studies to compare the two nations, only 14 studies supported the distinction. This indicates that even relationship theorie s which allow for differences between individualist and collectivist cultures are biased because they underestimate the role of situational factors and overestimate that of personal characteristics when analysing of behaviour.Another guess frequently noted for its culture bias is Kohlbergs (1976) theory of lesson understanding. This stage theory describes morality from a very Western, democratic perspective. However, these morality may not be held in other parts of the world, meaning that the theory may escape relevance in the wider world. When Snarey (1985) studied traditional village societies, only the first four stages from Kohlbergs theory were found to be present, with the stage post-conventional reasoning being completely absent. On fact, it was fount that many moral judgements from some cultures did not fit into any of Kohlbergs stages, suggesting that his theory does not account for other forms of reasoning.

Nature of Reality Essay

humankind is what you want it to be. Reality is a term that is used loosely, provided comes in m some(prenominal) different variations. There has never been or never will be one carriage to interpret public, as it is built up of beliefs and determine which vary from person to person. The true nature of reality is merely an illusion it is the universe which exists in the mind. George Orwell develops this creative thinker in the novel 1984 as he suggests that the true nature of reality is not defined by its harshness only when an outcome of societys influences, and the boundaries of reality are constructed by the boundaries of imagination. Reality for a group or individual is not built up of truths rather it is built up of what is believed to be true or factual. The citizens of Oceania lacked basic human rights. They worked long hours, no sense of privacy, and clearly deprived of any happiness. It would be logical to assume that this form of government is cruel and rebellion wo uld spread like baseless fire, but the citizens of Oceania firmly believe that Big Brother is taking attending of them.The reason they believe this is because they exact no means to access any other source of information so they are left(a) to accept what is told by the society. This one hundred percent belief that they are being taken care of clearly defines the reality of the citizens of Oceania, but has no reasonedity to it. Winston starts realizing this when he reads a childrens book and says In the end the Party would announce that two and two made five and you would have to believe it. It was needful that they should mould the claim sooner or later the logic of their position demanded it. Not merely the validity of the work through, but the very existence of external reality was tacitly denied by their philosophy. This is the point where he starts realizing that the reality in which the political party instills in the citizens of Oceania clearly is not based on logi c (2+2=5) but is still enthusiastically accepted by the people. Humans are social creatures, we learn socially and finished second hand hit the sackledge passed tear down from society.So it makes sense to believe that the building blocks of reality, the beliefs and values which make it whole, are hugely influenced by the beliefs and values that society allows to be instilled. The Nazi rule of Germany during WWII will forever be remembered as one of the darkest periods in human history. Many of the values that Hitler instilled and forced upon the citizens of Germany share the alike concept in which Big Brother spread their values of hate and control, making them perfectexamples of for each one other. For both Nazi Germany and Oceania its citizens accepted the reality which practiced hate and scapegoat toward the enemy, ideas that would seem crazy in modern society and which would never be tolerated. So in Nazi Germany, why were these ideas so widely accepted?The citizens of Ge rmany were surrounded by propaganda, the society in which they lived made it acceptable to act like that and implemented it, making the people believe that its the right way to think and believe, thus creating their reality. This is exactly the corresponding way in which the party gained such control over the human mind, surrounding the people with propaganda hate, and postal code else, brainwashing the people to believe that it is the values reflected by the party is the most acceptable, and only way to act. When it comes down to it, the true boundaries of reality are defined by what is comprehensible by the human mind, also know as the imagination. The extent of the imagination stretches out as far as what has been seen or felt. It is impossible to know exactly what it would feel like to be on Pluto.Why? This is because nobody has ever had the experience of supporting on Pluto. The citizens of Oceania are completely oblivious of the outside world. The only knowledge they have is that which the party as allowed them to know. This is why in the middle of hate week, when Oceania switches allies the people blamed Emmanuel Goldstein for all of the negative propaganda well-nigh Eurasia. This is clearly another lie which the party fabricates to suck the citizens of Oceania into the negativity of their reality. This is not questioned though because the only experience the people have in terms of what they have seen or felt has been controlled by the party, so whatsoever the beliefs values or decisions the party reflects, no matter how ridiculous, will be enthusiastically accepted by the people. When Winston goes on about his love affair with Julia, he makes love to her and his mind opens up to the true pleasures of life.The party publicizes the idea that sex is a completely pleasure less act and should only occur with life for reproduction. When Winston makes love to her it opens his mind up to what is possible beyond what the party is telling them. So why did t his chance? Winston went through an experience which was out of the ordinary, which opened up his imagination and logically magnified his rebellion against the party because he came to the realization that there is more to life than what the party is allowing them to know. These limits of reality are definedby how far the imagination can real stretch. George Orwell does a fantastic job exemplifying the true message of reality.The idea that reality is merely an outcome of experience and knowledge and nothing else is exaggerated by the totalistic rule of Big Brother and the complete control of Oceania citizens. The belief that present reality is completely valid does make it reality, even if it is not completely factual. This was shown by the residents of Oceania as it was obvious they were being fed lies but accepted with no question. Everything that is inside your reality has been influenced by society, whether it is known or not, it is impossible to control, but what really rest ricts reality is imagination.If the citizens of Oceania were exposed to anything other than the beliefs and values of the party, there is no way that they would act and respond to it the same(p) way as their reality would open up to new possibilities. Considering all of this, there is no way to know what is really true and whether what we believe and value is right or wrong. We may be lively in a reality in which many possibilities of life are hidden, just in the way that freedom was hidden from Oceania.

Prom Nights from Hell Chapter Seven

He didnt even know you were thither, Sibby said. He neer even knew who hit him.That was the idea. They were parked next to an abandoned Amtrak maintenance building on an sexagenarian part of the train tracks that was completely hidden from the street. It was the place Miranda had started coming seven months earlier to work come in any her new crazy energy and try things she couldnt practice anywhere else-Roller Derby was great for speed, balance, gymnastics, and shoving moves, alone you werent supposed to use advanced judo. Or weapons.She could throw away marks from her last crossbow exercise on the side of the building, and the piece of railroad track shed tied in a k non the day afterwards Will rejected her was still lying on the ground. Shed never seen anyone else here, and she was sure she and Sibby would be pretty untold invisible as long as they stayed parked.Where did you learn to knock people out care that? Sibby asked, sprawled out over the backseat. Can you teach me?No.Why non? nevertheless one move? short not.Why did you pronounce you were sorry after you hit him?Miranda swiveled to face her. Its my turn to ask questions. Who wants to kill you and wherefore?Gods, I dont know. It could be a ton of people. Its not like that, how you think it is.Whats it like then?Its complicated. save if we provide just hang out until four in the morning, theres a place I can go.Thats six hours from now.Thatll use me time for at least ten more kisses.Well, of course. What else would you do mend individual is act to kill you besides go out and tongue tango with as many strangers as possible?They werent trying to kill me, they were trying to abduct me. Its tot onlyy different. Come on, I want to do something fun. Something with boys.Or we could not do that.Look, just because you are a mental institution member of Down with merriment Inc. doesnt soused that the rest of us want to sign up.I am not a founding member of Down with Fun Inc. I like fun. B ut-Funkiller. somehow the idea of wandering around while a ton of people are trying to kidnap you, doesnt snuff it fun to me. It sounds like a acceptable way to feel into the Guinness Book of World Records under Plan, comma, Worlds Most Stupid. Plus innocent bystanders could get caught in the middle when the ton of people find you.If, not when. And they dont care rough anyone but me.Miranda rolled her look and turned back around. Thats why theyre called innocent bystanders. Because they were standing by you and accidentally got hurt.Then you should definitely get away from me. Seriously, although theres nothing Id rather do than sit parked in a homeless persons whoremaster for six hours with only you for company, I think it would be safer for both of us if I take my chances elsewhere. resembling at that ice cream place we passed on the way here. Did you see the lips on the guy female genital organ the counter? They were mythic. Drop me there and Ill be all set.Youre so not sledding anywhere.Really? Because that sound you hear? Is me reaching for the door handle.Really? Because that sound you hear? Is me engaging the child lock.In the rearview mirror, Miranda motto Sibbys eyes blaze.Youre really mean, Sibby said. Something horrible must have happened to you to make you so mean.Im not mean. Im just trying to keep you safe.Are you sure its me youre thinking about? Not some skeleton in your press? ilk the time you-Miranda turned up the radio.Turn that waste I was talking and Im the customer.Not anymore.Sibby shouted really loud, What happened to your sister?I dont know what you are talking about, Miranda yelled back.Thats a lie.Miranda didnt say anything.I asked you onwards if you had a sister and you got all teary, Sibby shouted in her ear. Why wont you govern me?Miranda turned down the radio. Can you give me three good causations why I should?It might make you feel better. It would give us something to talk about while we sit here. And if you dont tell me, Im going to start guessing.Miranda leaned her head back, check her watch, and turned to stare out the window. Be my guest.You bugged her so much she left? You bored her so much she left? Or did you drive her away with the huge stick you keep up your lavatory?Stop creation tender with my feelings. Go on, tell me what you really think.From the backseat Sibby said, That might have been too mean. Sorry.Miranda didnt say anything.You dont really have a stick in your butt. You couldnt drive then, right? Ha-ha? Silence.But I mean, you started it. With the child-lock thing. Im not a child. Im fourteen.More silence.I said I was sorry. In the backseat Sibby slumped, sighed. Fine. Be that way.Silence. Until, for no reason she could explain, Miranda said, They died.Sibby sat up quick now, leaning toward the front seat. Who? Your sisters?Everyone. My whole family.Was it because of something you did?Yes. And because of something I didnt do. I think.Um, Grandma Grim, that doesnt m ake any sense. How can not doing something-wait, you think?. Dont you know what happened?I cant really take to be anything from that part of my life.You mean from that day?No. From that year. And the year after. Anything pretty much from when I was ten until when I turned twelve. And there are a few other holes, too.You mean that stuff is just too painful to remember?No, its just gone. All I have are impressions. And the dreams. Really really bad dreams.Like what?Like that I wasnt where I should have been and something happened and I let everyone down She debarped, waved a hand in the air.Wait, you very think you could have stopped whatever happened to them? By yourself? When you were four years younger than me?Mirandas throat felt up like it was closing up. Shed never told anyone even that much of her real history before, never talked about it, not even with Kenzi. Ever. She swallowed hard. I could have tried. I could have been there and tried.Oh my gods, now this is some kind of forbearance party. Yawn. Wake me when youre done.Miranda gaped at her in the mirror. I told you I didnt want to talk about it but you unbroken bugging me and now you turn into the mayor of TellItLikeItIsVille? Swallowing again. You little-You dont even know what happened How can you feel so bad about it? Plus, I dont see how that can be your fault. You werent even there and you were only ten. I think you should stop obsessing about some mystery thing that is ancient history and live in the mo.Im sorry, did you just tell me to live in the mo?Yes. You know, ditch the past and try focusing on whats going on in the present. Like that the song on the radio right now? Sucks. And that there is a whole urban center of cute boys out there I am not kissing. Miranda took a deep breath, but before she could say anything, Sibby went on. I know, I know you say youre sorry to the people you knock out because you never got to say sorry to your family, and you have to keep me safe because you couldnt keep them safe. I get it now.That is not whats going on. I-Blah blah blah, insert denials here. Anyway, why does safe have to mean sitting in this car with you all night? Isnt there somewhere we could blend in? Instead of hiding? Im good at blending. Im like butter.Oh yeah, youre totally like butter. In fact, in your Madonna-called-and-she-wants-her-costume-from-the-Borderline-video-back outfit, youre practically invisible.Good one, Funkiller. Come on, lets go somewhere.Miranda turned all the way around in her seat and said, Let me sound it out for you. Someone. Is. Trying. To. Kill. You.No. They. Are. Not. You keep verbalism that, but Ive told you. They cant kill me. You should really work on this obsession you have with people getting killed. And I have to be honest with you, Im getting bored. What do you have the radio set to, K-CRAP? There is no way we are staying in this car for six hours.Miranda had to agree with her. Because if they did, it was now clear shed kill Si bby herself.Thats when she mentation of the perfect place for them to go.You want to blend in? she asked.Yes. With boys.Guys, Miranda said.What?Normal American girls from this century call them guys, not boys. If you want to blend in.For a second, Sibby looked shocked. Then she gave a little smile. Oh. Yes. Guys.Yeah, not yes. Unless youre talking to a grown-up.Yeah.And its Oh my God or God, not gods. Did I-?Yeah. And no one ever has or ever will say, live in the mo. Just wait.No. Never. Oh, and no paying guys for kisses. You dont need to. They should feel lucky to kiss you.Sibby frowned. Why are you being so nice to me and helping me? You dont even like me.Because I know what its like to be remote from home, alone, trying to fit in. And to never be able to tell anyone the truth about who you are.After theyd been effort in silence for a few minutes, Sibby said, Have you ever killed someone with your bare hands?Miranda looked at her in the rearview. Not yet.Ha-ha.

Skeletal Survey

Skeletal position is a consistently apply series of radiographic ensures that include the holy skeleton or those anatomical areas suitable for clinical indicators (The Americana College of radiography, 2014). Moreover, it using x-ray beam that pass by the patient electromagnetically to capture and take many x-ray images of body from the skull to feet (Adam ,2017).In addition, radiography bony survey are necessary in many clinical conditions such as , Skeletal dysplasias, disseminated infections, metastatic jampack disease, multiple myeloma, suspected child abuse and many other pathologies in pediatric. The more or less common index number of it is child abuse. According to centers for disease control and prevention (2009), child abuse is any act or series of act or neglect from the parent or other care provider that disability the child.Child abuse is one of the common problem which can find in the social and ethnic borders. For ins topazt, in 1993, US the third National In cidence Study of Child Abused shown that approximately 1,553,800 children in United States were abused. Therefore skeletal surveys are applied to determine the physical injuries in children according to detail guidelines.Furthermore, the skeletal survey performed on suspected abuse to provide enough anatomic detailed to image the skeleton of them or any young patients. However, there are special stander that published by American college of radiology that have in mind there were special pack cassettes and intensifying screens to reduce the radiation exposure and they mention that low dose enough for chest and abdomen however its insufficient in some government agency like rib, metaphysical and other high specific injuries.Also it should provide without an anti scatter control grid and faster general for especially thicker part. Nowadays, digital or computed radiography are used in most hospitals for pediatric imaging. DR and CR produce high quality image as it replace the tradi tional film/screen imaging. DR produce high quality image because it is lower in spatial resolution tan traditional film/screen imaging.Also the ability of doing post processing provide the ability to neuter the image to avoid repeating the examinations and provide the ability to compare in symptomatic performance for skeletal imaging. Moreover, it provides the ability to select low exposure value to reduce dosage with producing high quality diagnostic image.

Pestle Factors Essay

PESTEL analysis stands for Political, Economic, Social, and Technological, Environmental and wakeless(prenominal) analysis. It is a part of the external analysis when conducting a strategic analysis or doing food market research and gives a certain overview of the different macro-environmental factors that the club has to take into consideration.Political factors or how and to what degree a government intervenes in the economy. Specifically, political factors include areas such(prenominal) as tax policy, labor law, environmental law, get by restrictions, tariffs, and political stability. Political factors whitethorn also include goods and services which the government wants to provide or be provided and those that the government does not want to be provided. Furthermore, governments have great influence on the health, education, and infrastructure of a nation.Economic factors Businesses need to make money to continue to exist. They do this by listening to customers to ensure the y confine their customers and attract new ones with good services that customers want and need. It is extremely important for businesses to respond to changes in take up from customers. They include economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and the inflation rate. These factors have major impacts on how businesses melt down and make decisions. For example, interest rates affect a firms cost of capital and thereof to what extent a business grows and expands. Exchange rates affect the costs of exporting goods and the supply and legal injury of imported goods in an economy.Social factors Societys habits and tastes are changing. People are more alert of the importance of the environment and becoming green consumers. Green consumers prefer goods and services that are environmentally-friendly and which have less impact on the environment. They include the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, biography attitudes and emph asis on safety. Trends in social factors affect the demand for a companys products and how that company operates. For example, an ageing population may imply a smaller and less-willing workforce (thus increasing the cost of labor). Furthermore, companies may change various management strategies to adapt to these social trends (such as recruiting older workers).Technological factors Businesses are continually developing new technologies to provide the best solutions for the market place. Intelligent companies find out what the most capture technologies are for their businesses and use them. They include ecological and environmental aspects, such as R&D activity, automation, engine room incentives and the rate of technical change. They can determine barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. Furthermore, technological shifts can affect costs, quality, and lead to innovation.Environmental factors include weather, climate, and climate change, which may especially affect industries such as tourism, farming, and insurance. Furthermore, growing awareness to climate change is affecting how companies operate and the products they offer-it is both creating new markets and decrease or destroying existing ones.Legal factors Legal changes that affect business are closely tied up with political ones. Many changes in the law stem from government policy. They include discrimination law, consumer law, antitrust law, enjoyment law, and health and safety law. These factors can affect how a company operates, its costs, and the demand for its products.

ACADEMIC ESSAY Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ACADEMIC - Essay Example hotshot of the major drawbacks that has come as a result of climate change is lack of water.The increased dry out spells arouse changed the rainfall patterns as well as the way people used to get the elementary commodity in the cities. As indicated with most of the people living in the urban areas, a split of water is needed to sustain them. Another major problem that is seen in the urban areas is increased cases of mutation. The changes in climate change have been attributed to the increased use of unsustainable methods by humans as they try to perk up it in life. In the urban areas, there are many industries that may release their gaseous outgoing to the atmosphere. The increased number of vehicles also adds to the gaseous waste. These gases react with the Ozone layer exposing the people to UV radiation then the increased reported cases of cancer such as skin cancer.One of the secrets behind having a iron and a well-established economy is having a l arge tribe. In the beginning of the past century, Australia was embarking on increasing its population to aide in the elevation of its economy. This was done by increasing life expectancy and reducing mortality rate (Hugo, p. 4). With the problem solved, people in the urban centers increased rapidly threatening the same environment that they have to thrive on. The climatic changes world seen are some of the long term effects of industrialization upheld by the government in the past century. Currently the changing climatic conditions have been manifested in the extreme events being witnessed with the projected temperature rise bound to hit the country by 2070. It is estimated that in about 55 age to come, the annual average number of days above thirty five degrees Celsius in Perth would rise from the authoritative twenty eight to about sixty seven. The rise in temperature comes with other adverse effects which range of a function from

Assigments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assigments - Essay ExampleWhen the platelets keep abreast in close vicinity to the site of damage in the vessels, they start to change their shape and give-up the ghost swollen. At the same time, they contract to release essential substances which make them adhere to the damaged wall and in particular to the collagen in the walls of the damaged vessels. They also tend to release ADP. This substance further assists the platelets in their mold and tend to stimulate the platelets which lie close to the damaged vessel by making them active. These platelets tend to bunch together and come and join the initial platelets that adhered to the vessel wall that was damaged. This results in the formation of a platelet plug which closes the damaged vessel. At the same time, there is further release of clotting factors. This mechanism indicates the compulsory feedback system of the human body where the activation of one platelet further stimulates the cascade and results in more stimulation and the formation of a platelet plug (Lauralee 2006 p322). Works Cited Top of Form Clark, Robert K.Anatomy and Physiology reasonableness the homophile Body. Sudbury, Mass Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2005. Print. Bottom of Form Top of Form Sherwood, Lauralee.Fundamentals of Physiology A Human Perspective. Belmont, Calif Thomson Learning distributor, 2006. Print.

Dismissal Meeting Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

emission Meeting - Coursework ExampleHostility is bound to surface when the channels or steps taken do not satisfy the requisite legal requirements for termination of ones employment. It is for the above reasons that this paper seeks to bring out step by step processes of conducting handout and ways managers can cope with the emotions that accompany an employees layoff (Sidney, 2009).The diametrical types of dismissal are reasonable dismissal, unfair dismissal, constructive dismissal and wrongful dismissal. In most cases fair and unfair dismissal depend on two facts. These two facts are the reasons for the termination and the reaction that comes aboard the dismissal. However, for the constructive dismissal an employee may decide to put pen to paper an end to the employment fuck off due to a number of reasons. There are several ways that consequently lead to this tolerant of dismissal. For instant, when an employees wages are reduced in a manner that breaches the terms of agr eement of the take away or the prevailing working conditions endangers the life of the employee or unjust increase in workload and secernment of the employee (Sandler & Keefe, 2010).It is a natural phenomenon for the person being dismissed to feel resentment towards the manager. It is prudent that anything the manager does during the dismissal is aimed at minimizing as much as possible the resentment that the process may accompany. The repercussions for dismissal of a worker can be so detrimental not only to the company itself but in any case to the well being of the manager (Cushway, 2014). Due to competitive nature in the business arena, companies strive to induce and maintain a nutritious image geared towards acquisition of customers for the short term purpose as well as long term purpose. If the distraught worker bad mouths the company after dismissal, customers may have some reservations towards that company. Moreover, the manager should avoid by all means using all the

Remembering an event Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Remembering an event - Es consecrate ExampleIt is hard for me to decide which one to bring fine-tune in pen and paper. But, I have chosen to write ab let prohibited a mean solar day which come to the foreed in perplexity and end at giving such confidence that became a treasure for me for the rest of my life. The day I am talking about was when my graduation ceremony was held, and I was the MC of the ceremony. I was graduating from my towering school in the April, 2009. The excitement was mounting since the exams were over and everybody including teachers and students were preparing for the graduation ceremony. Teachers were arranging different ushers, and the students were clearing forward any dues left with the university. The farewell feeling was in the air. Everybody was talking about parting. One day, my professor called upon me and gave me virtually papers. I looked down at them wondering what they could be. To my surprise, he told me that they were the script I was chos en to speak at the graduation ceremony. I felt my head spinning. I am sure my mouth was open with surprise. I told him that I had never been an MC at any ceremony in my life. And he told me that he knew that I had guts enough to be an MC and that I should not miss that wonderful opportunity. I reliable the script with reluctance but I remember my professors words. ... I spoke out the lines if front of my family and friends. People told me that I was good enough. But I was not sure. Every day I would stand in front of the mirror and re checkse. And and then, the big day came. The ceremony was creation held in the Sheraton Hotel Dubai and it was to start at 7pm. I rushed toward the place one hour ahead of time. I was scared of being late. I reached the backstage for a last rehearsal. The ceremony started and I was required to step onto the stage to say the opening lines. I felt as my feet had got numbed and I thought I was not able to move. But, I gathered courage and somehow manag ed to step onto the stage in front of the audience. I wanted to hear my voice which seemed to have gotten stuck in my throat. There was silence. The audience was waiting for me to speak. I looked at the audience and then at my paper, and started speaking. I was astonished at my pitch of voice and the confidence with which the words were coming out of my mouth. I had never spoken that way, so boldly and so courageously. I welcomed the guests and started the ceremony, telling the audience which show was ahead and who would come on stage. The starting was difficult, and then everything seemed to be happening automatically. I did not know, it was going to be that easy. I looked toward where my professor was sitting. His eyes were sparkling with pride. He waived at me with a smile and I felt flying in the air with joy. The ceremony ended as it was supposed to be. Everything went fine, and I was a graduate now. Whenever, my mind flashes back and the memories of that day come rejoicing me with their flavor, my eyes get wet with disunite remembering how my professors words had come true. I am sure that I ended up learning that confidence is the key to success

Literary analysis on A Good Man Is Hard To Find by Flannery O'Conner Research Paper

Literary analysis on A practised Man Is Hard To go back by Flannery OConner - Research Paper ExampleBut a modicum of insight into the interests and craftsmanship of Flannery OConnor makes her piece of music praiseworthily on both literary and religious grounds. Cathartic bitterness, a belief in grace as something devastating to the recipient, a gelid concept of salvation, and violence as a force for good (Galloway) remember her work. She was well aware of her dual role as a Catholic writer and a assembly writer. She and tried to homogenize both. Thus where the religious dimension was never far away from her writing she was also baffled by Martin Heideggers concept of dasein the moment of death makes a mans humankind replete with meaning. She blends characterization with the setting and works out the meaning of the story. In the following analysis let us look at the dynamics of characterization, theme, and setting in Flannery OConnors A Good Man Is Hard to Find.Good character s inspire strong feelings. Characterization should not begin and end center(prenominal) but should be continued till the end as the characters evolve. Extraneous characters should be avoided and all the characters should bring in varying degrees to the progress of the plot and depth of the story. A Good Man Is Hard to Find is a reasonable example for good characterization. The action in the story unfolds through the grandmother. She is the volatile individual in the story with a glib tongue. The old lady is however a Christian only by appearances. Her moral platitude is her reality. When that is stripped by her confrontation with the killer there is no hereafter for the character of the grandmother. Why youre one of my babies. Youre one of my own children (OConnor 132). These words are definitely not to influence the killer against shooting her but it is her saving moment of grace where she realizes the hollowness of her hitherto existence and recognizes the Misfit as the medium of the grace. OConnor was compassionate to her

Panera Bread Case Study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Panera Bread Case Study - Research Paper ExampleThe company has been sooner fortunate to be mentioned by the Wall Street Journal as the one of the middle size caf which provides excellent service and superior quality food to its customers. The management structure went through changes during the year 2007 which assist the company to focus more clearly on the designed goals. As of 2013, Panera Bread has been operating in Canada as well as in more than thirty states and successfully delivering its authentic saccharide in a warm and cozy ambience by ensuring efficient service.The mission of Panera Bread is based on the concept of A loaf of cole in every arm. Paneras aim is to express much on its strategy of Bread Leadership in which they strive to offer fresh bread to savor the taste buds of its customers across the US states and Canada.The management staff at Panera is well aware of its goals and objectives and ensures that the stovepipe product, service and ambience is experience d by the customers at both company operated and franchises of Panera Bread. Freshly baked bread that is made available to all its cafes everyday serves as the differentiating feature for Panera bread and all the efforts are tell towards the achievement and maintenance of this get wind feature.The key strategy of Panera is to keep itself updated technologically and innovatively in such a way that it stands strongly in competition. The mission statement of Panera serves as the driving force for its strategy. Panera keeps revising and update its menu so as to meet the organic and healthy food requirements of its customers. The price of food charged at Panera is a little higher than those of its rivals because Panera believes in delivery real quality to its customers in basis of product, ambience and service and it cannot risk this goal by offering cheap rates for customers attention. Strengthening the preeminence feature of freshly baked bread reaching the restaurants of Panera Br ead everyday is also a key part of the

The Volatile Social Upheavals of the Stormy Sixties Essay

The Volatile Social Upheavals of the Stormy Sixties - Essay ExampleThe third, precipitated by default into the presidency, grapp conduct boldly with the unrest and turmoil through a second term only to turn in the battle to highly entangled political dissolution shortly before the sixties gave way to the seventies.Martin Luther top executive Jr., distinctively honored in 1964 with the Nobel Peace Prize as its youngest laureate, had entered a civil rights impressment already in progress, to take the forefront as an advocate for non-violence in one of the most momentous and far-reaching friendly upheavals of the decade. Yet, paradoxically, the civil rights attractions appalling assassination on April 4, 1968, unleashed an unfortunate surge of violence in major cities crosswise the nation.Martin Luther business leaders mission reached beyond black civil rights into associated issues of inner-city poverty. In 1965 in Selma, Alabama, his voter-registration crusade culminated in the Selma-to-Montgomery Freedom March. The civil-rights leader later took on Chicago where he pushed programs to clean up the slums and secure affordable housing. There King encountered young blacks heady with the concept of Black Power who gave little heed to his appeals for nonviolent protest. The impasse led to his adoption of stronger support for an end to the war in Vietnam along with the predominant thrust for civil-rights, a move that some felt spread the movement too thin. Nonetheless, the well-timed shift drew new squanderer into the crusade in response to the fresh bid for peace. As King went on to tackle house servant issues of urban poverty, proposing national boycotts and nonviolent camp-ins, he envisioned a huge march of the poor on Washington, with a show of such power and size that Congress would be forced to deal with the great numbers of destitute and exploited Americans, but at the age of 39 the bullet of an unabashed accessory silenced those plans. Posterity, left to speculate what might have been, was nonetheless to profit greatly from the enduring legacy of his all-too-abrupt loss.

Unique style and technique of Sandro Botticelli Research Paper

Unique style and technique of Sandro Botticelli - Research Paper illustration any the aesthetics of the Italian Renaissance reached its highest stage of development by the end of the 15th speed of light in the works of the eminent Florentine school artists - Sandro Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo Buonarroti. Their works masterly channelize the two sides of our existence - spirituality and humanity subtle excellence of works of the High Renaissance places tenseness on the interrelationship of personal world and objective reality. Botticelli worked mostly with the subjects drawn from the Bible, frequently from the New volition and classical antique mythology.It seems, at first glance, that he was concerned with purely religious or mythological subjects the subjects artists used to turn to centuries ago. But its just enough to look at his Renaissance Madonnas to take a crap that there is nothing in common between them and the Virgin and Child on icons. The sacred approximation appears just as a secular portrait of a young woman whose forebode is dismantle known. What is this? Broadness? Sacrilege? The life journey of Sandro Botticelli, his unique style and technique, will be examined through the prototype of his timeless works of art in this paper. Giorgio Vasari, an Italian painter of the 16th century, an outstanding biographer of many Italian artists, begins the biography of Sandro Botticelli saying that at the time of Lorenzo de Medici the Magnificent, which truly was the golden age for every gifted man, reached his summit meeting the creative work of Alessandro, named between us as Sandro, nicknamed Botticelli. Botticelli was one of the most prominent figures of the blessed succession associated with the name of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Like most of the titans of the Renaissance he was of humble origin. His success was in his energy, will, intelligence and talent. All this plus rare charm and tact helped the son of a tanner to ente r the very direct circle of cultural and artistic elite of Europe. He was born in Florence in 1445. His real name was Alessandro Filipepi. He was the youngest of four sons of Mariano Filipepi and his wife Esmeralda. The first mention of Alessandro, as well as of the other Florentine artists, we find in the portate al Catasto- a kind of register of incomes for taxation which was kept in ossification with the decree of the Republic. So, in 1458, Mariano Filipepi stated that he had four sons - Giovanni, Antonio, Simon and thirteen years old Sandro and added that Sandro was learning to enter and the boy was sickly. Jewelry became the turning point in the development of the young Botticelli. Alessandro was sent by his father, pall of his extravagant restless mind, to learn the skill of jewelry. According to Vasari, there was a close relationship between jewelers and painters at that time. To work in a workshop of the first meant to get direct access to the art of the latter. Sandro became skilled in drawing, which was necessary for accurate and confident black finish. Soon he became interested in painting and decided to devote his life to it. He never forgets the valuable lessons of jewelry - precision in drawing of contour lines and skillful use of gold (he often uses it as an additive for paint or for the background, in pure form). In 1464 Sandro joined the school of the excellent painter, Fra Filippo Lippi, the Carmelite, from the Monastery of Santa Maria del Carmine. Lippis workshop was thusly in Prato, where the artist worked until 1466 on the frescoes of the Cathedral. In 1465 Filippo painted his Madonna and Child Enthroned with Two angels. It became the indisputable sort of composition and style for many early works by Botticelli, like Madonna and Child with an Angel and Madonna della Loggia. Even the earliest works by Sandro are distinguished by a special, around imperceptible, atmosphere of spirituality and poetry of images - forBotticellipainting tended towards the poetic not simply because of its lyrical